POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS
Year:2012 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

In current research, the effect of different concentrations of Spermidin was evaluated after two months storage on quality fruit Kinnow mandarin. Experiment was designed in CRD design with Spermidine treatments (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM). Quality index content included pH, titrable acidity, skin to the flesh ratio, percentage of fruits decay and vitamin C was measured after two months. The results show that concentration 0.5 mM of Spermidin on time storage caused decreasing in total acid and increasing pH. Different concentrations of Spermidin did not effect on vitamin C and percentage fruits decay.

In order to investigate the antifungal effect of medicinal plant essential oil on postharvest life of golden delicious apple and comparison its effect with chemical treatments, this experiment was conducted in complete randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments consists: control (inoculated with pencillium fungi without any treatments), dipping in solutions Thiabendazole and Carbendazim at three concentration range (1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L) for 3-5 min and medicinal plant Essential oil (Fennel) 400, 800 and 1200 mg/L. Treated fruits were stored under cold storage for 3 month. At the end of experiment decay amount, TSS, juice pH, total acid (TA) TSS/TA ratio and weight loss were measured. The results showed that quality and quantity of golden delicious apple during storage were changed, but this change was different depending on treatment type. Data showed that minimum weight loss percentage, high TSS value and TSS/TA (32.38) ratio was in Fennel essential oil treatment (800 mg/L). There was not any decay fruit in Fennel essential oil treatment (1200 mg/L) but decay fruit percentage in control treatment was 42.0. Decay percentage in Fennel essential oil treatment (800 mg/L), Thiabendazole 1.5 g/L and Carbendazim 2 g/L were equal. The TSS of golden delicious apple had increased from beginning to the end of experiment in storage. As level Fennel essential oil were increased the percentage of decay and TSS were decreased. The maximum TSS/TA amount was observed in Fennel essential oil treatment.

Considering the importance of horticultural products exports, awareness of their health status is essential before sorting, packaging and shipping. Many type of destructive methods used for quality control of the commodity but non-destructive methods need to be developed. The research was conducted in two separate experiments during winter and autumn of 2010. The research was aimed to study possible use of MRI technique as a safe, non-destructive and accurate method to determine the existence of Ectomyelois ceratoniae fruit and sprouting in onion. The MRI images were compared with the results of destructive methods for validity. The results of the comparison between picture of MRI and destructive method showed that the best images in terms of clarity, quality and ability to recognize the desire outcome (percentage of compliance with reality) are the images based on T1. The results showed that this method has ability to detect internal sprouting in onion and Ectomyelois ceratoniae in pomegranate.

In current research, the effects of storage at different temperature on quality traits of Indian jujube, in a 20 days storage period, were studied. This research was designed as a completely randomized design (CRD) at 3 levels of temperatures (5, 10 and 18 oC) and 4 different storage periods (5, 10, 15 and 20 days after harvest). Quality traits such as flesh firmness, vitamin C, and fruit decay and weight loss were measured in these periods. The results show that the best storage temperature was 5 oC, but firmness vitamin C and weight of fruits were decreased and fruit decay increased with more storage.

Shirazi thyme is herbaceous perennial belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), it is extensively grown in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran, since both the flavor of foods and brewing is widely used. The research as a randomized complete design with three replications and the effects of gamma irradiation was investigated on the microbial load of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora). Shirazi thyme leaves were irradiated at dosages 3, 7, 10 and 15 KGy by a Co60 source then (microbial load) total count, total coliform and mold and yeast of the samples were studied. Identification and analysis of essential oil compounds by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The result showed that gamma irradiation decrease microbial load of Shirazi thyme samples. The lowest microbial load was detected in samples treated with 15 KGy radiations. According to The results of the analysis of essential oils, Carvacrol, Thymol and p-Cymene, Was determined the major component of essential oil of Shirazi thyme. The results showed that irradiation with gamma radiation, reduced the carvacrol, increased p-Cymene and g-Terpinene, Furthermore, the formed of component of the Camphene and (E)-citral. Dose of 10 KGy formated the a-thujen.

In order to investigation the effects fungicide of five essential oils against gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) an experiment was conducted in a factorial layout based on a completely randomized design in the experimental laboratory in vitro and in vivo conditions. The treatments were included five essential oils: fennel (Foenicolum vulgare), black caraway (Corum carvi), anise (Pimpinella anisum), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and lavander (Lavandula officinalis) and five concentrations of essential oils (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mL L-1) with four replications. The results in vitro showed that black caraway essential oil perfectly inhibited growth of B.cinerea fungus at concentration 400 mL L-1 and higher than its in PDA medium. Percentage of fungus spore germination was the lowest in medium black caraway essential oil contained and was the highest in turmeric and lavender oils. The results of in vivo showed that all of used essential oils at higher concentrations had positive effects on fruit quality characteristics such as total soluble solids, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content in comparison to controls. Results of present paper confirmed antifungal effect of essential oils in both in vitro and on fruit postharvest.

Tuber and seed tubers rots are the most important and destructive pre and post harvest diseases in potato. Several species of Fusarium such as F. solani caused dry rot of potato tuber. This study was conducted to investigation of antagonistic ability of isolates Trichoderma harzianum (1,2,3,4), T. virens, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum and Talaromyces flavus (60, 75, 134, 136) isolates on potato dry rot control, caused by F. solani under control conditions. Tubers inoculated by using 20 micro liters of spore suspension of antagonists in 1×106 CFU/ml-1 concentrations and spore suspension of pathogen in 1×105 CFU/ml-1 concentrations. The obtained results from measuring of wound diameter showed that the smallest wound diameter was related to tubers with T. harzianum1, T. koningii and T. virens. The lowest infection and penetration of pathogen was related to tubers that treated with T. koningii and T. virens treatments. The lowest infection and penetration of pathogen was related to tubers with T. koningii and T virens treatments. The most effective treatments in decreasing of disease percent were T. virens (88.1%) and T. harzianum (87.5%) when compared with positive control treatment. They were in the same statistical group with negative control. Dry rot not observed neither in tuber with water treatments nor with antagonists without pathogen treatments.

Freshly harvested products due to ease of use and a high nutritional value are highly demanded in market. Production of fresh apples harvested has increased in recent years. In order to maintain quality, freshly harvested red delicious apples, this research was carried out by different levels of calcium compounds. Investigation was performed in factorial complete block design (RCBD) with four replication. The current research involved two factors; different combinations of calcium (calcium chloride, calcium chelated and calcium amino) and various levels (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/L). The results show that calcium chloride at 7.5 mg/L was the most effective in preventing decay and maintain fruit firmness in red delicious apple. Effect of calcium chloride was noticeable on TSS, calcium level and percentage of weight loss at red delicious apple effect of calcium chelate on some characteristics such as calcium level, percentage of weight loss and TSS were not significantly with calcium chloride. Effects of calcium amino were lower than calcium chloride and calcium chelate on measurement factors.