Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Year:2011 | Volume:29 | Issue:148|Papers Count:6

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent disorder in the world particularly in Asian countries including Iran. There are increasing evidences about the relationship between serum level 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] and the control of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum level of 25 (OH) D and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in compared to healthy subjects.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 people.95 patients with type 2 DM were randomly selected among members of Iranian Diabetes Association (patients group).85 healthy subjects were matched with patients group according their age and gender (control group). Biochemical parameters including 25 (OH) D, calcium, phosphorous, parathormone (PTH), glucose, HbA1c, insulin were measured. Homeostasis model of assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated.Findings: 82% of patients group and 75.6% of healthy subjects were suffering from vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. There is an significant inverse relationship between 25 (OH) D and glycemic profile except insulin concentration (FBS and HbA1c).Conclusion: We concluded that vitamin D deficiency has high prevalence among type 2 diabetic patients and also healthy subjects. Vitamin D has an inverse relationship with glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three treating methods; namely mother’s behavioral education, Verbal self-instruction to the children, and Pharmacotherapy in children’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 51 elementary students with ADHD were randomly divided to three treatment groups including mothers’ behavioral education, verbal self-instruction to the children, and control group. Moreover, 22 students with ADHD were selected among the patients referring to Hafez hospital and were put in pharmacotherapy group. Data collection tool was Child Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4). All of the subjects were evaluated by CSI-4 before and after the intervention and also 2 months later, i.e in follow up period.Findings: The results show significant differences between the groups in mother’s evaluation of attention deficit (P=0.04), the severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity (P=0.005), and the general/total severity of the symptoms of disorder (P=0.03).Conclusion: The most effective treatment for the severity of attention deficit in children is verbal selfinstruction.The severity of hyperactivity-impulsivity is best treated using mother’s behavioral education. Considering the result obtained in the case of general severity of symptoms in children’s ADHD, mother’s behavior education and pharmacotherapy _were the most effective and useful treatment methods.

Background: Escherichia coli O157: H7 have emerged as pathogens that can cause food-borne infections and severe illnesses in humans, such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Since this bacterium is transferred by the foodstuff, especially hamburger it is called "hamburger bacteria". The aim of this study was isolation and identification of E.coli O157: H7 from hamburger samples in Shiraz, Isfahan.Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 320 samples of Hamburger were collected and enriched in TSB with novobiocin medium in 37oC temperature. Fermentation of sorbitol and lactose and activities of b-glucoronidase of separated bacteria were examined by using the SMAC and VRBA media and choromoagar medium. Then the existence of E.coli O157: H7 was confirmed with the specific antiserum.At the end existence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance strains were tested with multiplex PCR and disk diffusion methods.Findings: Out of all examined samples, 259 (80.93%) sorbitol negative bacteria were separated. From which 227 (87.64%) had ability of lactose fermentation. Then by using biochemical tests, 192 samples (84.58%) were identified as E.coli. Also the rate of recognition of MUG negative and E.coli O157: H7 were 50.00% and 3.43% respectively. By evaluation of virulence markers, eae and stx1 genes were identified in 3 samples and eae, stx1 and stx2 identified in 1 sample. Also in 1 sample only hly gene was detected. All isolated strains were resistant to most antibiotics.Conclusion: Since this bacterium is an high risk pathogene and hamburger was a common source in recent outbreak, monitoring of all kinds of meat products is recommended.

Background: The role of physical activities in control and recovery of diabetes type II and increasing insulin sensitivity was always considered. Doing sport activities in watery environments with regard to these patients ' physical and mental conditions was much less studied. So, the goal of present research was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks aquatic training on lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes.Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 30 volunteer men with type II diabetes were studied.The subjects were devided in two groups: experimental group (15 patients) and control group (15 patients).The patients in experimental group had an aquatic exercise program for 8 weeks (3sessions in week, each session 45-60 minutes, the intensity of exercise was 60 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate), whereas control group had no regular physical activity. Total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured in 2 groups before and after the exercise program. Data collected were analyzed by ANCOVA test in the end of the study.Findings: Findings of this study showed a significant difference in LDL, HDL, TG, TC and VLDL between two groups.Conclusion: According to our findings a regular aquatic exercise can improve lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes.

Background: Paraquat poisoning is one of the most common lethal poisonings in Isfahan, the central province of Iran. Due to the lower price and widespread usage of this potent herbicide for agricultural purposes, this kind of intoxication occurs almost frequently in this region. Paraquat is available here as a concentrated liquid, aerosol form or water soluble granules with different brand names. The toxicity of this poison is due to the creation of superoxide radicals through the electron transport system involved in intracellular conversion of NADPH to NAD. Superoxide anions and other free radicals are very toxic for the cell membrane. Paraquat poisoning affects the respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous, endocrine, digestive, skin and almost all body systems, depending on the amount of ingestion.Toxic signs and symptoms of its poisoning would be appeared with the ingestion of at least 20 mg/kg or more in adults. Serum levels of 0.2 mg/ml 24 hours and 0.1 mg/ml 48 hours after ingestion, is usually associated with a fatal outcome. Immediate treatment is important for survival of patients.Supportive care, prevention of absorption of ingested poison, elimination measures and administration of antioxidants are all considered as the cornerstone of its treatment. There is no specific antidote for this toxin. High mortality rate of up to 75% in paraquat poisoning may be related to the amount of ingested toxin and the quality of medical care. Therefore, acute care physicians are supposed to have enough knowledge and skills for the supportive care and treatment of paraquat poisoning.