IRANIAN CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING | Year:2004 | دوره:11 |Papers Count:87

SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IS OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE IN EXTRACTING SPECTRAL INFORMATION OF STATIONARY RANDOM SIGNALS. BUT IN MANY APPLICATIONS OF SIGNAL ANALYSIS, INCLUDING BIOLOGICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, THE ASSUMPTION OF STATIONARY FAILED TO BE TRUE. IN THESE CASES A NO STATIONARY APPROACH TO THE SPECTRAL ESTIMATION IS DEMANDED. TIME- FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS ARE SUCH APPROACHES. ON THE OTHER HAND, POWER SPECTRA ONLY CONTAIN THE INFORMATION OF CORRELATION FUNCTION AND DON’T HAVE ANY INFORMATION FROM THE PHASE OF SIGNAL. THEREFORE HIGHER ORDER SPECTRA (HOS) ARE USED FOR SAVING THE PHASE INFORMATION OF SIGNAL. COMBINATIONS OF THESE TWO GROUPS OF FUNCTIONS RESULT IN INTRODUCING “HIGHER ORDER TIME-FREQUENCY SPECTRA” SUCH AS WIGNER HIGHER ORDER SPECTRA. IN THIS PAPER APPROACHES TO ANALYZE EEG SIGNALS BASED ON WIGNER HIGHER ORDER SPECTRA ARE PRESENTED. IT IS SHOWN, THAT THE DETECTION STATISTICS BASED ON WIGNER BISPECTRUM CAN OUTPERFORM THEIR WIGNER DISTRIBUTION COUNTERPARTS IN THE DETECTION OF SOME ABNORMAL COMPONENT IN THE EEG RECORDINGS.

IMPLANTABLE DEVICES PRODUCING A PULSATILE FLOW ARE AMONG THE BEST PROTOTYPES OF VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE. SINCE THESE DEVICES ARE IMPLANTED FOR A LONG TERM PERIOD THEY ARE SUPPOSED NOT TO DAMAGE BLOOD CELLS. IN THE PRESENT RESEARCH, IMPLANTABLE SAC TYPE VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE PRODUCING THE PULSATILE FLOW WAS NUMERICALLY SIMULATED USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) METHOD. WE HAVE ATTEMPTED TO CONSIDER THE GEOMETRY AS MUCH SIMILAR AS TO THE REAL MODEL. CONSERVATION OF MASS AND MOMENTUM EQUATIONS WERE SOLVED BY A TIME DEPENDENT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; HOWEVER, IN THE SET OF EQUATIONS, THE MOVING BOUNDARY ANALYSIS CAPABILITY IS NECESSARY. THE RESULTS CONSIST OF FLOW PATTERN IN EACH PHASE, PATH LINE THROUGH THE WHOLE CYCLE, AND SHEAR RATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE FLUID. USEFUL VORTICITIES, WHICH REDUCE THE LOW VELOCITY REGION, WERE APPEARED IN THE FLOW DOMAIN. THESE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED A GOOD COMPREHENSION OF FLUID FLOW BEHAVIOR OF SUCH A COMPLEX PHENOMENON.

JAUNDICE IS A COMMON DISEASE AND OCCURS MOSTLY IN NEONATES. EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE AND IT'S TREATMENT PROTOCOL SELECTION WOULD PREVENT KERNICTERUS. MODELING OF JAUNDICE CAN RESULT IN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE, DESCRIBE IMPORTANT PARAMETERS THAT CAN INFLUENCE IT AND HOW TO APPROACH THE TREATMENT AND EVALUATE ITS OUTCOME. IN THIS PAPER FOR THE FIRST TIME MODELING OF JAUNDICE TAKES PLACE USING THE STATE FLOW TOOLBOX OF MATALB SOFTWARE. RESULTS SHOW THAT NOT ONLY OBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN REACHED BY THE ABOVE MODELING BUT ALSO THIS MODEL CAN BE USED FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS TEACHING PURPOSES.

PARKINSON’S DISEASE IS A DISORDER OF NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM, WHICH HAS EFFECTS SUCH AS SLOWNESS OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS, RIGIDITY, DECREMENT OF PRECISION OF MOVEMENTS, AND TREMOR. IN THIS PAPER WE SIMULATE IT USING A MODEL OF A JOINT, CONSISTING OF AGONIST AND ANTAGONIST MUSCLES, EFFERENT SIGNALS, AND SPINAL FEEDBACK LOOPS. RIGIDITY AND TREMOR ARE THE CONDITIONS WE CONSIDER. DIFFERENT THEORIES OF THE CAUSE OF PARKINSONIAN EFFECTS SUCH AS TREMOR ARE CENTRAL OSCILLATOR THEORY AND PERIPHERAL FEEDBACK THEORY. IN ADDITION TO THESE TWO THEORIES, WE STUDY EFFECTS OF CHANGES OF THE GD/GS RATIO AND GAIN OF B FEEDBACK LOOP, AND SHOW THAT DISORDER IN THESE PARAMETERS CAN CAUSE PARKINSONIAN CONDITIONS.

THIS PAPER INTRODUCES A NEW AND MORE APPROPRIATE ECG SIGNAL PREPROCESSING USING MEDIATED MORPHOLOGICAL FILTERS. THESE FILTERS ARE BASED ON A PARTICULAR COMBINATION OF MEDIAN OPERATOR AND CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL OPERATORS. THE PROPOSED METHOD HAS BEEN APPLIED TO ADULT AND FETAL ECG SIGNALS AS AN EFFICIENT PREPROCESSING TASK. ACCURATE NUMERICAL DESCRIPTIONS DEMONSTRATE BETTER PERFORMANCE QUALITY OF THE NEW ALGORITHM COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL FILTERS, SPECIALLY, IN ECG NOISE SUPPRESSION.

EVOKED POTENTIALS (EPS) ARE TIME VARYING SIGNALS BURIED IN LARGE BACKGROUND NOISE. IN ORDER TO DETECT AND EXTRACT VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS (VEP) IN REAL TIME, WE USE THE FOURTH ORDER CUMULANT OF THE OBSERVED NOISY SIGNAL IN AN ADAPTIVE FILTER. THE NOISY SIGNAL IS PASSED THROUGH A FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE (FIR) FILTER WHOSE IMPULSE RESPONSE IS MATCHED WITH THE SHAPE OF THE NOISE-FREE SIGNAL. THE IMPULSE RESPONSE OF THE SAID FILTER IS ESTIMATED USING THE FOURTH ORDER CUMULANT OF THE INPUT SIGNAL. WE ALSO USE A METHOD TO RECURSIVELY UTILIZE FOURTH ORDER CUMULANTS OF THE INPUT SIGNAL FOR UPDATING THE COEFFICIENTS OF THE ADAPTIVE FIR FILTER. THIS ENABLES US TO EXTRACT THE VEP SIGNAL IN REAL TIME. WE SHOW THAT THE FOURTH ORDER CUMULANT BASED METHOD PROVIDES BETTER RESULTS IN COMPARISON TO THE CONVENTIONAL THIRD ORDER CUMULANT BASED METHOD AND BOTH YIELD BETTER RESULTS AS COMPARED TO THE WIDELY USED AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION.

IN THIS PAPER AN ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER FOR CONTROL OF A CRITICAL CARE VENTILATOR IN ORDER TO TRACK OF THE DESIRED PRESSURE, HAS BEEN DESIGNED. THIS HAS BEEN DONE WITH THE HELP OF FLOW CONTROL OF VENTILATOR. INDIRECT ADAPTIVE APPROACH HAS BEEN USED FOR DESIGNING OF CONTROLLER IN DISCRETE TIME DOMAIN. PARAMETERS OF PROCESS HAVE BEEN ESTIMATED WITH THE HELP OF RECURSIVE LEAST MEAN SQUARE ERRORS IN REAL-TIME. INDIRECT APPROACH OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL PROVIDES A ROBUST PERFORMANCE IN A WIDE RANGE OF PATIENTS FROM NEONATE TO LARGE ADULT. DESIGNED CONTROLLER HAS PROVIDED A GOOD PERFORMANCE EVEN THERE IS TIME DELAY OR DISTURBANCE. PERFORMANCE OF CONTROLLER HAS BEEN SIMULATED WITH MATLAB.

THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE HAPTIC INTERFACE SYSTEM (HIS) IN THE SIMPLEST MODE TO CONCERN TO SIMULATED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL, THE HIS IS AN ACTIVE JOYSTICK AND THE SIMULATED MODEL REPRESENTS THE TISSUE SPECIFICATIONS. THE ABILITY OF HIS FOR DISTINGUISHING STIFFNESS PARAMETER BETWEEN VARIOUS TISSUES IS DEMONSTRATED.THE HIS CONSISTS OF MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS SYSTEMS, ALSO HAS UTILIZED OF SIMULINK AND V-REALM BUILDER TOOLBOX IN MATLAB SOFTWARE FOR CONTROL DESIGN AND GRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT, RESPECTIVELY. FOR REAL-TIME PROCESS OF THE SENSORY INFORMATION AND MOTOR CONTROL, REAL TIME WINDOWS TARGET, ANOTHER TOOLBOX IN MATLAB® IS USED.

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE USE OF INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS (ICA) TO CHARACTERIZE THE CHANGES OF EEG SIGNALS DURING IMAGINING HAND CLOSING, HAND OPENING, AND DURING A RESTING STATE. ICA IS A USEFUL EXTENSION OF THE PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) THAT ALLOWS BLIND SEPARATION OF SOURCES, LINEARLY MIXED, ASSUMING ONLY THE STATISTICAL INDEPENDENCE OF THESE SOURCES. THIS SUGGESTS THAT ICA CAN SEPARATE DIFFERENT INDEPENDENT BRAIN ACTIVITIES DURING MOTOR IMAGERY INTO SEPARATE COMPONENTS. FOR THIS PURPOSE, DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED ON NORMAL SUBJECTS. THE EEG SIGNALS WERE RECORDED AT A SAMPLING RATE OF 256 BY SCALP ELECTRODES PLACED ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL 10-20 SYSTEM. ANOTHER CHANNEL WAS ADDED TO RECORD EYE BLINKS BY PLACING AN ELECTRODE ON THE FOREHEAD ABOVE THE LEFT BROW LINE. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE VISUAL STIMULUS RESPONSE, P300 COMPONENT, MOTOR IMAGERY POTENTIAL, AND BACKGROUND EEG COMPONENTS CAN BE SEPARATED BY THE INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF EEG SIGNALS DURING HAND MOVEMENT IMAGINATION. TIME FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF THE INDEPENDENT COMPONENT OF THE EEG SIGNAL SHOWS THAT THE POWER OF ALPHA BAND IS DECREASED DURING MOTOR IMAGERY. THE RATE OF DECREASE DURING HAND CLOSING IS MORE THAN THAT DURING OPENING. MOREOVER, THE BEGINNING OF MOTOR IMAGINATION IS ACCOMPANIED BY AN INCREASE OF DELTA AND TETA BAND POWER.

MUCH PROGRESS HAS RECENTLY BEEN MADE IN BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE. DIFFERENT APPROACHES HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED TO REALIZE THIS INTERFACE BETWEEN COMPUTER AND PATIENT. WE CAN SEE SUCH INSTRUMENTS AVAILABLE IN FOREIGN TRADING CENTERS WHICH ARE USED BY A FEW PATIENTS BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGH EXPENSE. CONVENTIONAL SIGNALS USED FOR PROCESSING DURING THE BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE ARE ERS/ERD, SIGNALS, MU RHYTHM AND ERP. AMONG THESE SIGNALS, ERP HAS BEEN PRECEDE TO ACHIEVE THIS INTERFACE, IN THIS PAPER THE PROCEDURE IS STARTED BY VISUAL STIMULATION USING A TYPICAL QUADRATIC CROSS, RECORDING AND PROCESSING THE EEG SIGNAL FROM THE PZ, CZ, FZ CHANNELS SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH EOG CHANNELS FOR ARTIFACT OMITTING. IN THIS CASE, AN ERP SIGNAL OCCURS WITH THE PATIENT’S CHOICE WHICH IS RECOGNIZED BY THE PROCESS INTRODUCED IN THIS METHOD. THE ADVANTAGES OF THIS METHOD ARE HIGH PROCESSING SPEED AND THAT THE PATIENT NEED NOT TO BE TRAINED, BUT MANY TRAINING SESSIONS ARE (A FEW MONTHS) INCREDIBLE IN OTHER METHODS. SEVERAL METHODS HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED FOR RECOGNIZING THE PROCESSING METHOD MENTIONED HERE, IS A COMBINATION OF THE “PEAK-PICKING” METHOD, CORRELATION ,”MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE AMPLITUDE AND LATENCIES OF EVOKED POTENTIALS” AND FINALLY “THE METHOD OF ERP COGNITIVE ELEMENTS RECOGNITION IN EEG USING WAVELET COEFFICIENTS”. THIS METHOD WAS TESTED ON TWO PERSONS (25 AND 26 YEARS OLD MAN). THE EFFICIENCY WAS 78% IN TARGET STIMULATION AND 85% IN NO TARGET STIMULATION, SIMILARLY THESE PERCENTS WERE 76% AND 83% FOR THE OTHER. THESE EFFICIENCIES ARE SOMEHOW NOTICEABLE THAT IS HOPED TO BE IMPROVED.

PD UNITS TREAT RENAL FAILURE, PARTIALLY REPLACING KIDNEY FUNCTION BY REMOVING METABOLIC WASTES THROUGH SELECTIVE DIFFUSION ACROSS THE PERITONEUM. A PROTOTYPE OF PD UNIT IS DESIGNED AND MADE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IROST. OUR UNIT FEATURES ARE CONTROL OF FILLING DIALYSATE FLOW TO PERITONEAL CAVITY AND DRAINING FROM IT, WARMING THE DIALYSATE TO BODY TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLING THE DIALYSATE TEMPERATURE BEFORE FILLING, CONTROL AND MONITORING FILL TIME, DWELL TIME, DRAIN TIME, NUMBER OF CYCLES ON THE BASIS OF DIALYSIS TYPE, COMPUTING THE ULTRA-FILTRATION, REPORTING AND STORING CAPABILITY, PC CONNECTION CAPABILITY, PROGRAMMING FOR INDIVIDUAL PATIENT, ECT. IN THIS UNIT ALL CONTROLS AND MONITORING OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ARE BASED ON DIGITAL AND MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM.

HEMODYNAMIC SYSTEM, AS AN INTERMEDIATE PROCESS BETWEEN NEURAL ACTIVITY AND MEASURED FMRI SIGNAL, IS RECENTLY MODELED WITH NONLINEAR APPROACHES. AMONG FEW MODELS INTRODUCED SO FAR, THE BALLOON IS THE MOST COMPLETE MODEL, WHICH ALSO HAS SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATIONS. IN SPITE OF ITS CAPABILITIES, THE BALLOON MODEL NEEDS A NONLINEAR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING ITS PARAMETERS. AFTER THIS STEP, THE ANALYST WILL BE ABLE TO INTERPRET THE PARAMETERS, OR USE THE IDENTIFIED MODEL FOR ACTIVATION DETECTION.IN THIS PAPER, WE INTRODUCED A METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS OF THIS MODEL BASED ON STEEPEST DESCENT ALGORITHM. WE FIRST USED A SIMPLE STRATEGY (BASED ON CORRELATION) TO IDENTIFY THE ACTIVE VOXELS. THEN USING THE STEEPEST DESCENT ALGORITHM WE FIND THE BEST SET OF PARAMETERS (IN THE MODEL) THAT FIT TO THE MEASURED FMRI DATA (TIME SERIES OF EACH ACTIVATED VOXEL). ESTIMATED PARAMETERS ARE CONSISTENT WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES THAT USED OTHER COMPLEX SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION APPROACHES. THIS METHOD AND ESTIMATED PARAMETERS CAN BE USED IN FUTURE STUDIES OF FMRI.

SINCE THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN SMALL SIZES, INDEPENDENT TO VALVES, AND ENABLE TO WORK WITH A LITTLE DRIVEN-ENERGY, THEY CAN BE SUPPOSED AS ONE OF THE BEST BLOOD PUMPS. THESE TYPES OF PUMPS PRODUCE CONTINUE FLOW, SO THEY CAN BE USED FOR SHORT TERM PERIOD. TO GENERATE NECESSARY PRESSURE THEY MUST WORK IN HIGH ROTARY SPEED, HOWEVER, IN THIS CONDITION IT MAY DAMAGES BLOOD CELLS DUE TO HIGH LEVEL OF SHEAR STRESSES. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, THE CENTRIFUGAL BLOOD PUMP IS NUMERICALLY SIMULATED USING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) METHOD. ACCORDING TO FLOW PATTERN AND SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF THE MODEL HIGH RISK AREAS WHICH MAY DAMAGE BLOOD CELLS ARE PREDICTED. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT THESE TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL BLOOD PUMPS COULD PRODUCE SUCH ADEQUATE PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE WHICH ARE NEEDED FOR HUMAN, THEREFORE RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES CAN BE REPLACED BY THEM, SPECIALLY THE RIGHT ONE.

LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS IS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE MALIGNANT FROM BENIGN IN A GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH PROVED BREAST LESIONS ON THE BASE OF MORPHOLOGICAL DATA EXTRACTED FROM THE CONVENTIONAL MAMMOGRAM. OUR DATABASE INCLUDE 122 PATIENTS' RECORDS CONSISTING 12 QUALITATIVE VARIABLES. THE DATABASE IS RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO THE TRAINING AND VALIDATION SAMPLES INCLUDING 82 AND 40 PATIENTS' RECORDS RESPECTIVELY. THE TRAINING AND VALIDATION SAMPLES ARE USED TO CONSTRUCT THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL AS A CLASSIFIER AND TO VALIDATE ITS PERFORMANCE RESPECTIVELY. FINALLY, IMPORTANT CRITERIA SUCH AS SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, ACCURACY AND RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (ROC) ANALYSIS FOR THIS METHOD AS WELL AS THAT OF THE RADIOLOGIST ARE COMPARED. OUR RESULTS SHOW THAT THE LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL IS ABLE TO CLASSIFY CORRECTLY 31 OUT OF 40 CASES PRESENTED IN THE VALIDATION SAMPLE. COMPARING THE OUTPUT OF THIS METHOD WITH THAT OF THE RADIOLOGIST SHOWS A REASONABLE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY 78%, A HIGH SPECIFICITY (81%) AND A MODERATE SENSITIVITY (72%).

POLY (AA-G-EG) IS A PH SENSITIVE COPOLYMER OF POLY ACRYLIC ACID (AA) AND POLY ETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) WHICH FORMS INTER POLYMER NETWORK DEPENDING ON PH CHANGES. PH SENSITIVE HYDROGELS ARE AN IDEAL METHOD FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES. IN THIS PROJECT, POLY ACRYLIC HYDROGELS GRAFT WITH POLY ETHYLENE GLYCOL WAS SYNTHESIZED AND CHARACTERIZED .P (AA-G-EG) HYDROGELS WAS PREPARED BY FREE RADICAL DISPERSION POLYMERIZATION IN WATER. THE EFFECT OF POLYMERIZATION PARAMETERS SUCH AS MONOMER FEED RATIO AND CROSSLINKING AGENT WERE INVESTIGATED ON SWELLING AND RELEASE BEHAVIOR OF HYDROGEL IN GASTROINTESTINAL PH AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT BETWEEN CROSSLINKS WERE CALCULATED.

POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL) HYDROGELS PREPARED BY FREEZING/THAWING PROCESSES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS A SUITABLE COUPLING MEDIUM FOR TRANSMISSION OF ULTRASOUND. MEASUREMENTS INDICATED THAT THE GELS WATER CONTENT AND DENSITY MATCH THOSE OF HUMAN TISSUE AND THEREFORE THERE WAS MINIMUM REFLECTION OF SOUND AT THE INTERFACE OF THESES GELS AND BODY TISSUE. ALSO, IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE AMOUNT OF ATTENUATION OF SOUND OF THESE GELS DECREASES WITH INCREASING OF WATER CONTENT. BUT, BECAUSE THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH DECREASES AS THE WATER CONTENT INCREASES, IN CHOOSING THE POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL) CONCENTRATION, A COMPROMISE MUST BE MADE BETWEEN THE ATTENUATION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH. MEASUREMENTS INDICATED THAT THE GELS WITH 5% WT. POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL) HAD SUITABLE ATTENUATION AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH.

IN THE RECENT YEARS DUE TO INCREASING ATHLETIC ACTIVITY AND CAR ACCIDENTS, THERE HAS BEEN INCREASING INCIDENTS OF JOINT CARTILAGE DAMAGE. THE NATURAL CARTILAGE REPAIR IS SLOW AND IN MANY INSTANCES EVEN IRREPARABLE. THEREFORE THE FIELD OF CARTILAGE ENGINEERING AND RECONSTRUCTION HAS BECOME MORE POPULAR. ONE OF THE BEST MATERIALS FOR THIS APPLICATION IS POLYVINYL ALCOHOL WHICH DUE TO ITS HIGH WATER CONTENT AND LOW REJECTION RATES HAS RECEIVED A LOT OF ATTENTION. IN THIS STUDY THE WATER ABSORPTION RATE CONTENT HAS BEEN INCREASED TO 78% USING GAMMA RADIATION TO GRAFT VINYL PYRROLIDINE ON TO A POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FILM. IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TWO METHODS WERE USED: FREEZE THAWING AND ANNEALING. EXPERIMENTS SHOWED THAT THE ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND THE NUMBER OF FREEZE-THAW CYCLES I PROVED THE MATERIAL'S MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. THE OPTIMUM ANNEALING TEMPERATURE AND DURATION WERE 120°C FOR ONE HOUR. FOR FREEZE-THAWING OF SAMPLES RESULTS SHOWED THAT AT LEAST 3 CYCLES ARE REQUIRED. FINALLY THE PREPARED FILMS WE PLACED IN VARIOUS VINYL PYRROLIDINE SOLUTIONS WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS. THE SOLUTIONS WERE THEN SUBJECTED TO GAMMA RADIATION TO PRODUCE DESIRED YIELDS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT A 40% VINYL PYRROLIDINE SOLUTION WITH 15 KGY EXPOSURE RATE WERE OPTIMAL. VARYING THE GRAFTING PARAMETERS RESULTED IN DIFFERENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, WATER CONTENT AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY.

IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE COMBINED TASK OF SIT-TO-WALK (STW) UNDER DIFFERENT TIME CONSTRAINTS. STW CAN BE VIEWED AS GAIT INITIATION (GI) AFTER/WHILE RISING FROM A SEAT (SIT-TO-STAND: STS). SIX HEALTHY ADULTS PERFORMED 100 STS AND STW TRIALS UNDER DIFFERENT TIME CONSTRAINTS. MOVEMENTS WERE INITIATED FOLLOWING A VISUAL CUE. PARTICIPANTS WERE INSTRUCTED TO CHANGE THE FINAL TASK FROM STANDING TO WALKING OR FROM WALKING TO STANDING DEPENDING ON A SECOND VISUAL CUE WHICH MIGHT BE GIVEN AFTER THE FIRST ONE. FOR ALL COMBINED TASKS INCLUDING A GI COMPONENT, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT THE ANTICIPATORY POSTURAL ADJUSTMENT, WHICH IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF GI FROM STANDING POSTURE, WAS PRESENT AFTER SEAT-OFF WITH SOME MODIFICATIONS. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMBINED TASKS WITH ELEMENTARY TASKS OF STS AND GI SHOWED THAT, STW WAS NOT PERFORMED MERELY AS A SUCCESSIVE COMBINATION OF TWO ELEMENTARY TASKS OF STS AND GI. RATHER, SOME TERMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STS AND SOME INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GI WERE MERGED TOGETHER. THE MERGING SCHEME WAS TO A LARGE EXTENT INDIVIDUAL-DEPENDENT.

ALUMINA IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND COMMON INERT CERAMICS WITH MEDICAL APPLICATIONS THAT IS USED POROUS AND DENSE. ALUMINA POWDER AND STARCH WERE USED AS MAIN RAW MATERIALS. THE EFFECT OF PARAMETERS SUCH AS AMOUNT OF ORGANIC ADDITIVES, RATE OF HEATING, TEMPERATURE AND TIME OF SINTERING ON POROSITY STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH WERE STUDIED BY MEASUREMENTS OF DENSITY AND POROSITY, STRENGTH, SURFACE AREA AND SEM OBSERVATIONS. IT WAS SHOWN THAT IN OVER 30% VOLUME POROSITY, STRUCTURE OF POROSITY WAS CHANGED AND MECHANICAL STRENGTH WAS DECREASED EXTREMEL.

ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE IS ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE WORLD. IN THIS SCENARIO, THE PROGRESSION OF PLAQUE IS BELIEVED TO LEAD TO SUDDEN DEATH DUE TO THE PLAQUE RUPTURE OR PLAQUE EROSION AND NOT NECESSARILY BECAUSE OF THE PLAQUE GROWTH. THIS EVENT CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE MECHANICAL FACTORS.INADEQUATE DATA ON PLAQUE PROPRIETIES AND MATERIALS IS ONE OF THE LIMITATIONS IN PLAQUE PATHOLOGY. USING MORE ACCURATE IMAGING TECHNIQUES OR PROCESSING OF DIFFERENT IMAGES CAN BE HELPFUL TO GET MORE DATA ABOUT LESION. STRESS ANALYSIS BASED ON PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY AND DETERMINATION OF PEAK STRESS LOCATIONS (WHICH PROBABLY ARE RELATED TO THE PLAQUE FRACTURE LOCATIONS) ARE IMPORTANT. OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IS A GOOD DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TECHNIQUE AND ACQUIRES IN-VIVO IMAGES WITH HIGH RESOLUTION. IN THIS STUDY STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CORONARY ARTERY IS EXAMINED BY USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS BASED ON A TWO-DIMENSIONAL OCT IMAGE OF A DISEASED ARTERY AND MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE.

CONSTRAINT KNEE PROSTHESES ARE REGULARLY USED FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SOFT TISSUE DEFICIENCIES, PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DISTAL FEMORAL OR PROXIMAL TIBIAL TUMOUR, AND REVISION OF THE KNEE PROSTHESES. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO PRESENT AND EVALUATE NEW DESIGN IDEAS FOR KNEE CONSTRAINT PROSTHESIS. FOLLOWING DEFINITION OF THE DESIGN PROBLEM AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND CRITERIA, A SPECIAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PROCEDURE WAS EMPLOYED IN WHICH COMBINATIONS OF 1, 2, AND 3 DEGREES OF FREEDOM JOINTS WERE STUDIED. THE DESIGN IDEAS WERE VISUALIZED AND MODELLED USING SOLID WORKS SOFTWARE AND EVALUATED BASED ON THE DESIGN CRITERIA AND THEIR WEIGHTED VALUES. THE SELECTED DESIGN WAS ANALYZED AND MODIFIED USING WORKING MODEL SOFTWARE CONSIDERING THE RANGE OF MOTION AND STRESS DISTRIBUTION CONDITIONS.

A CHAOTIC AND A FRACTAL MEASURES WERE CALCULATED FOR PERSIAN SPEECH SIGNAL AND THEIR PERFORMANCES IN SPEECH CLASSIFICATION WERE EVALUATED. THE FIRST MEASURE WAS CORRELATION DIMENSION OF EACH FRAME IN SPEECH SIGNAL WHICH IS BASED ON ITS CHAOTIC CHARACTERISTICS. THE SECOND MEASURE WAS FRACTAL DIMENSION COMPUTED BY FITTING HOSKING’S ARMA FILTERED FDGN MODEL TO SPEECH SIGNAL AND COMPUTING ITS HURST PARAMETER BY TEWFIK’S ITERATIVE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD APPROACH. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOWED THAT, IN PERSIAN SPEECH, BETTER CLASSIFICATION WERE OBTAINED BY HOSKING’S MODEL BECAUSE ITS ABILITY TO CHARACTERIZE SHORT TERM DEPENDENCIES OF SPEECH SIGNAL WHICH IS INTERPRETABLE BY ARMA MODEL.

TODAY, SEX IDENTIFICATION IS CONSIDERED AS AN IMPORTANT TASK IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS. THIS PAPER CONCERNS SEX IDENTIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM). RBF AND POLYNOMIAL AS TWO KERNEL FUNCTIONS WERE STUDIED. IT WAS OBSERVED THAT RBF KERNEL OUTPERFORMS THE POLYNOMIAL KERNEL FUNCTION. LPCC AND MFCC CEPSTRAL COEFFICIENTS AND THEIR FIRST DERIVATIVES WERE ALSO EVALUATED. THEY BOTH SEEM TO BE GOOD FEATURES FOR SEX IDENTIFICATION, BUT MFCC COEFFICIENTS WERE SHOWN TO RESULT A BETTER PERFORMANCE THAN LPCCS. ADDING FEATURE DERIVATIVES TO FEATURES VECTORS WAS ALSO SHOWN TO IMPROVE THE SEX IDENTIFICATION PERFORMANCE.

THROUGHOUT THE LAST DECADE, FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (FMRI) MERGED TO A NOTICEABLE TOOL FOR INVESTIGATING THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN, AND A PLENTY OF ANALYSIS METHODS WERE DEVELOPED FOR ANALYSIS OF ITS DATA. THE ANALYSIS METHODS NEED TO BE COMPARED AND EVALUATED IN A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH. IN THIS PAPER, A CLUSTER-BASED FRAMEWORK IS INTRODUCED FOR COMPARING ANALYSIS METHODS OF FMRI IMAGES.IN THE PROPOSED FRAMEWORK, FMRI DATA IS REPLACED WITH A FEATURE SPACE AND EACH METHOD IS TREATED AS A CLUSTERING METHOD IN THE NEW SPACE. AS A RESULT, DIFFERENT METHODS CAN BE COMPARED BY MEANS OF A CLUSTER VALIDITY MEASURE. THE FEATURE SPACE IS COMPUTED USING A NON-PARAMETRIC METHOD (PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS-PCA). FOUR SUBJECTS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED WITH THREE METHODS (CORRELATION ANALYSIS, F TEST METHOD, AND TIME INVARIANT WAVELET-BASED METHOD) AND THE PROPOSED CLUSTER-BASED FRAMEWORK HAS EVALUATED PERFORMANCE OF THE METHODS. THE RESULTS ARE IDENTICAL TO THOSE OF THE MODIFIED RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (ROC). THIS VALIDATES THE PROPOSED APPROACH.

ONE OF BASIC PROBLEM IN SMALL DIAMETER VASCULAR GRAFTS(LESS THAN 6MM) THAT MADE OF EXPANDED PTFE AND PET IS INCOMPLIANT IN COMPARISON WITH HOST ARTERY. RECENTLY MICRO POROUS POLYURETHANES ARE CANDIDATE FOR THIS SUBJECT. THEY CAN ADJUST COMPLIANCE BY DESIGN MICRO POROUS STRUCTURE. ALSO MICRO POROUS STRUCTURE EFFECT THE BLOOD COMPATIBILITY. IN THIS ARTICLE MICRO POROUS POLYURETHANE WERE MADE BY PHASE INVERSION METHOD. THE EFFECT OF NON-SOLVENT ON POROSITY WAS EVALUATED. MORPHOLOGY OF SURFACE AND CROSS SECTION OF MICRO POROUS PU FILMS WAS STUDIED BY SEM AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY WAS EVALUATED BY L929 FIBROBLAST CELLS.

WE DESCRIBE A NEW METHOD TO SIMULATE CROSSING OF CONTRAST AGENT ACCORDING TO PERMEABILITY AND LESIONS OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER. EQUATIONS OF TISSUE HOMOGENEITY MODEL (ADIABATIC EQUATIONS) AND COMPARTMENT MODEL ARE USED FOR DESCRIPTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF CONTRAST AGENT IN CAPILLARY AND EXTRAVASCULAR SPACE. ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR SOLVING ADIABATIC EQUATIONS WITH NON-UNIFORM PERMEABILITY AND REAL ARTERIAL INPUT FUNCTION (AIF) ARE COMPLICATED. WE CONSIDER CROSSING OF CONTRAST AGENT THROUGH THE CAPILLARY AND BBB AS INTRINSICALLY STATISTICAL PROCESSES. THEREFORE, IT IS SIMULATED BY A STOCHASTIC METHOD (MONTE CARLO METHOD). IN OUR MODEL, CAPILLARY IS DIVIDED INTO MULTIPLE SECTIONS AS IN PATLAK MODEL AND CONTRAST AGENT MOVES FROM ONE SECTION TO OTHER SECTIONS. FOR CAPILLARY INPUT, AIF IS USED DIRECTLY FROM REAL DATA. WITHOUT SOLVING ANY EQUATIONS, WE DERIVE THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTRAST AGENT AS A FUNCTION OF TIME AND DISTANCE IN THE CAPILLARY FOR NORMAL (NOT PERMEABLE DUE TO BBB) AND ABNORMAL CAPILLARY WITH UNIFORM AND NON-UNIFORM PERMEABILITY.

IN THIS PAPER WITH DESCRIPTION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, PHOTON MIGRATION IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN WITHIN SOFT TISSUE HAS BEEN SIMULATED WITH THIS METHOD. IN THIS REASON, WITH APPLYING A SINUSOIDAL SUPPLY TO THE MARGINAL SURFACE OF CIRCULAR TISSUE, THE PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS SINUSOIDAL AMPLITUDE AND PHASE VARIATIONS HAVE BEEN SIMULATED WITH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND THOSE HAVE BEEN COMPARED WITH PUBLISHED RESULTS.RESULT VERIFICATIONS SHOWED THAT USE OF FINITE ELEMENT METHOD WITH REGULAR SQUARE ELEMENTS IS ACCURATE AND ITS ERROR IS NEGLIGIBLE. THE EFFECT OF CHANGE MAIN PARAMETERS IN PHOTON MIGRATION IN TISSUE SIMULATED AND CRITICAL VALUES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED FOR SUPPLY FREQUENCY, REFRACTIVE INDEX, ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT AND SCATTERING COEFFICIENT IN A GLOBAL GEOMETRY. IN THIS RESEARCH, THE LINEAR EQUATIONS HAVE BEEN SOLVED WITH CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD AND SHOWED THAT THIS METHOD MAKES CONVERGENCE APACE AND ITS ERROR IS NEGLIGIBLE.

SIMULATION MODELS ARE UNAVOIDABLE IN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH WHEN THE POINT IS TO DEVELOP NEW PROCESSING ALGORITHMS TO BE APPLIED ON REAL SIGNALS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT SPECIFIC PARAMETER VALUES OR BEHAVIORS SUCH ALGORITHMS HAVE GENERALLY TO BE OPTIMIZED BY COMPARING TRUE PARAMETER VALUES TO THOSE DEDUCED FROM THE ALGORITHM .ONLY A SIMULATION MODEL CAN ALLOW THE USER TO ACCESS AND CONTROL THE ACTUAL PROCESS PARAMETER VALUES. THIS CONSTRAINT IS ESPECIALLY TRUE WHEN DEALING WITH BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS LIKE SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM (SEMG) IS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. THIS WORK IS AN ATTEMPT TO PRODUCE AN EFFICIENT SEMG SIMULATION MODEL AS A HELP FOR ASSESSING ALGORITHMS RELATED TO SEMG FEATURES DESCRIPTION. THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION, ELECTRODE SIZE, INCLINATION OF THE FIBER WITH RESPECT TO DETECTION SYSTEM AND STATISTICAL PARAMETERS CHANGES ARE ALSO INCLUDED IN THE MODEL. HERE WAS TRIED TO FIND THE BEST POSITION OF ELECTRODES ON BICEPS FOR DETECTING SEMG USING CLINICAL PARAMETERS.

ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT OF COLLAGEN-BASED ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS LED TO AN INCREASE IN THE IN VITRO BIOCOMPATIBILITY. ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS WERE PREPARED BY STABILIZATION OF COLLAGEN MATRICES THROUGH GLUTARALDEHYDE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE-POLYETHYLENE OXIDE (PEO) CROSSLINKING. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER SURFACE PROPERTIES SUCH AS SURFACE HYDROPHILICITY AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED BY CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM), RESPECTIVELY. THE EPITHELIALIZATION OF UNTREATED AND TREATED SAMPLES WAS EVALUATED BY THE SEEDING AND GROWTH OF HUMAN CORNEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. ENHANCED ATTACHMENT AND PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TO ARTIFICIAL CORNEA SURFACES WERE OBSERVED AFTER ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. SURFACE HYDROPHILICITY WAS ALSO INCREASED CONSIDERABLY BY ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. AFM CHARACTERIZATION ALSO SHOWED AN INCREASE IN SURFACE ROUGHNESS THROUGH ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL AND SURFACE ANALYSIS, ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT DISPLAYS PROMISING POTENTIAL FOR BIOCOMPATIBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF COLLAGEN-BASED ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS.

THE EFFECT OF THE SPEED OF STOOP WEIGHT LIFTING ON THE LOWER LIMB JOINTS’ MOMENTS AND FORCES WAS STUDIED. INVERSE DYNAMIC METHOD WAS EMPLOYED TO OBTAIN THE FORCES AND MOMENTS. GROUND REACTION FORCES WERE MEASURED USING FORCE PLATFORM AND KINEMATICS OF THE JOINTS AND LIMBS WAS OBTAINED USING PHOTOGRAMMETRY. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE INCREASE OF THE WEIGHT LIFTING SPEED CAUSES A SUDDEN INCREASE IN KNEE AND HIP JOINT FORCES AND MOMENTS, AROUND THE TIME THAT THE WEIGHT LEAVES THE GROUND.

HIGH TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL OSCILLATING OF WALL SHEAR STRESS MAGNITUDES ARE OF IMPORTANT HYPOTHESES IN AORTA-CORONARY BYPASS FAILING. LOW WALL SHEAR STRESS HYPOTHESIS IS OF VALID HYPOTHESES IN THIS FIELD TOO. THIS STUDY AIMED TO SIMULATE THREE DIMENSIONAL PULSATILE NEWTONIAN BLOOD FLOW IN END-TO-SIDE ANASTOMOSIS OF AORTA-CORONARY BYPASS BY USING ASCENDING AORTA VELOCITY FLOW WAVE AS GRAFT INLET AND LAD VELOCITY FLOW WAVE AS CORONARY INLET FOR 50% STENOS. EXISTENCE OF RECIRCULATION FLOWS IN VARIOUS DEGREES OF GRAFTING ANGLES, CHANGING THESE FLOWS TO DOUBLE CORE HELICAL FLOWS AND INTENSIFY BY INCREASING THE GRAFT ANGLE AND INCREASING OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL WALL SHEAR STRESS GRADIENT BY INCREASING IN GRAFTING ANGLES WERE OF IMPORTANT RESULTS.

CONTEXT-BASED LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SCHEMES USE 180° TYPE MODELING CONTEXTS IN ONE PASS SCANNING AN IMAGE. IN THIS PAPER, A LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION (LIC) SCHEME IS INTRODUCED AND FOR CAPTURING HIGH-ORDER DEPENDENCIES, STATISTICAL FEATURES AND SPATIAL CONFIGURATION OF AN IMAGE, THREEPASS SCHEME WITH 360° TYPE MODELING CONTEXTS IS PROPOSED. LINEAR AND NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PIXELS IN A CONTEXT ARE USED FOR CONTEXT DETERMINATION. ALSO THE THREE-PASS ALGORITHM IS APPLIED TO JPEG-LS STANDARD, AND FOR CONTEXT DETERMINATION, LOCAL GRADIENTS OF INTENSITY CAPTURING THE LEVEL OF ACTIVITY (SMOOTHNESS, EDGINESS) SURROUNDING A PIXEL, IS EMPLOYED. FOR IMAGES WITH SMALL DIMENSIONS THREE-PASS SCHEMES AND FOR LARGE DIMENSIONS ONE-PASS SCHEMES RESULT IN HIGHER COMPRESSION RATIOS.

THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF A BCI SYSTEM IS A CLASSIFIER ASSIGNING EACH SEGMENT OF EEG SIGNAL TO ITS APPROPRIATE CLASS AMONG THE PREDEFINED CLASSES OF MENTAL TASKS, ACCORDING TO THE FEATURES EXTRACTED FROM THAT SEGMENT.LOCAL NEURAL CLASSIFIER HAS SHOWN A GOOD PERFORMANCE IN ONLINE 3-TASK DETECTION EXPERIMENTS WITH FEEDBACK, HAVING A HIGH SPEED OF RESPONSE (EVERY 0.5 SECOND), AND A VERY LOW PERCENTAGE OF FALSE DETECTIONS (LESS THAN 5%), WHICH COMPENSATE IT’S NOT SO HIGH RATE OF CORRECT DETECTION (ABOVE 70%). HERE WE CLASSIFY RIGHT- AND LEFT-HAND MOVEMENT IMAGINATION TASKS USING LOCAL NEURAL CLASSIFIER, AND SOME OTHER TECHNIQUES SUCH AS LINEAR CLASSIFICATION, AND SSP (SIGNAL-SPACE PROJECTION), AND COMPARE THE RESULTS.RESULTS SHOW LOCAL NEURAL CLASSIFIER IS APPROPRIATE FOR OFFLINE RECOGNITION OF THE TWO IMAGERY MOVEMENTS, CLASSIFYING GRAZ DATA. SO IT IS PROPOSED TO DESIGN AN ONLINE 3- CHANNEL BCI USING THIS METHOD, AND COMPARE THE RESULTS WITH THE RESULTS OF CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO PROBABILITY YK (X) CONSIDERING THE MEAN OF EACH CLASS AS THE PROTOTYPE, WHICH SHOWS BETTER RESULTS IN OFFLINE SYSTEM. AS WELL, THE BENEFITS OF FEEDBACK IN BCI ARE SHOWN BY THE RESULTS.

THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLES OF LIGHT AND HEAVY CHAINS OF ANTI- DNA ANTIBODIES IN BINDING TO DNA. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO PREDICT THE SEQUENCE OF THE EFFECTIVE REGIONS OF EACH CHAIN CONFERRING THE DNA SPECIFICITY OF THESE ANTIBODIES. TO DO THIS TASK, THE PROTEIN SEQUENCES OF DNA BINDING AND NON DNA BINDING ANTIBODIES WERE CODED USING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THEIR AMINO ACIDS AND THE RESULTS WERE USED AS THE TRAINING PATTERNS OF A MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON NETWORK. FOR EACH CHAIN, A SEPARATE NETWORK WAS USED AND TRAINED BY THE BACK PROPAGATION METHOD. BY FOCUSING ON THE CDR REGIONS, PREDICTIONS WITH 70.4% AND 54.5% CORRECTNESS WERE OBTAINED FOR THE NETWORKS RELATED TO THE HEAVY CHAIN AND LIGHT CHAIN, RESPECTIVELY. THIS CONFIRMS THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULT THAT IN BINDING TO DNA, THE LIGHT CHAIN IS LESS IMPORTANT THAN THE HEAVY CHAIN. CONSIDERING THE OBTAINED RESULTS ABOUT THE LIGHT CHAIN, THE INVESTIGATIONS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS CAN FOCUS ON THE HEAVY CHAIN. BY SOME MODIFICATIONS IN THE NETWORK, INPUTS AND TRAINING, THE RESULTS REGARDING THE HEAVY CHAIN WERE IMPROVED IN THE CURRENT STUDY, IN COMPARISON TO SIMILAR PREVIOUS STUDIES.

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENTS ARE WIDELY USE IN DENTISTRY AND MEDICINE AS PULP CAPPING, ROOT CANAL SEALER, BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLD, DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, BONE FILLER AND SO ON. TTCP/DCPA BASED CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENT WAS STUDIED IN THIS RESEARCH. THE LIQUID OF CEMENT IS A SOLUTION OF 2.5% NA2HPO4. X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERN OF THE CEMENT SHOWED HA AS A MAIN FINAL PHASE IN ITS MASS. THE INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIMES ARE 7 AND 15 MIN. RESPECTIVELY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IS 12 MPA. ALSO CEMENT SHOWS SMALL SHRINKAGE AFTER SETTING (ABOUT 2%) AND HAS 31% TOTAL POROSITY. HA WHISKER CRYSTALS, UNREACTED TETRA CALCIUM PHOSPHATE PARTICLES AND MICROPORES WERE OBSERVED IN CEMENT MICROSTRUCTURE USING SEM. THE VALUE OF CA/P DETERMINED BY ELECTRON DISPERSIVE X- RAY (EDAX) WAS 1.69 THAT IS CORRESPOND TO HYDROXYAPATITE.

RUPTURE OF VULNERABLE ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES CORRELATES TO COAGULATING THROMBUS WHICH RESULTS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OR STROKES. PLAQUE MORPHOLOGY, INCLUDING GEOMETRY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AFFECTS STRESS CONCENTRATION WHICH RESULT IS FRACTURE OF PLAQUES. FORTUNATELY, EXISTING STANDARD IMAGE MODALITIES, SUCH AS IVUS AND OCT, PROVIDES SOME INFORMATION FROM THE STRUCTURE AND HISTOLOGICAL COMPOSITIONS OF DISEASED WALLS AND HENCE MEET SOME REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL INVESTIGATIONS. THE PRESENT IN VIVO STUDY IS AIMED TO CREATE MORPHOLOGICAL MODELS FROM IVUS IMAGES. THESE MODELS REPRESENT TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIES AND HISTOLOGICAL NATURES OF MAJOR TISSUE COMPONENTS OF DISEASED ARTERIES. ASSOCIATION OF SEGMENTED MAJOR TISSUE COMPONENTS WITH INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FOR THE MECHANICAL RESPONSES PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT BASIS IN COMPUTATIONAL (FINITE ELEMENT) STRESS-STRAIN ANALYSIS. SENSITIVITY ASSESSING OF FOUR MAJOR NONLINEAR GEOMETRIC METHODS FOR STRESS ANALYSIS IN ANSYS PACKAGE IS THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY.

IN THIS PAPER WITH STUDY OF HUGE NUMBER OF METHODS THAT HAVE BEEN PROPOSED IN IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND IDENTIFICATION AREA, WE PROPOSE THE MOST ADAPTED METHODS WITH HUMAN VISION TECHNIQUES. WITH INDICATE THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF AN IMAGE AS DOMINANT FEATURES, THEN WE SHOW THAT BETWEEN THESE FEATURES, NEGATIVE CURVATURE MINIMA (NCM) POINTS, AND BETWEEN INTERNAL FEATURES, TEXTURES DETECTED USING PULSE COUPLED NEURAL NETWORKS (PCNNS) AND LAWS METHODS ARE THE ADAPTED METHODS WITH HUMAN VISION STRATEGY. THEN WE HAVE USES THESE FEATURES TO DETECT SUSPICIOUS MASSES IN MAMMOGRAM IMAGES AND ANALYSIS THE RESULTS AND COMPARE THEM WITH PEER PROPOSED METHODS. FINALLY WE HAVE PROPOSED A NEW AUGMENTED METHOD TO DO SEGMENTATION IN SAME WAY THAT HUMAN VISION DOES IT.

COLOR SPACE TRANSFORM IS THE FIRST STEP IN IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS, WHERE THE AMOUNTS OF RED, GREEN AND BLUE ARE TRANSFORMED TO OTHER THREE VALUES. BY THIS TRANSFORM, NOT ONLY WE YIELD SOME REQUIREMENTS SUCH AS EXTRACTED INFORMATION OF LUMINANCE AND COLOR, BUT ALSO WE WILL HAVE IMPROVED IMAGE COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY. FOR THIS REASON, DIFFERENT COLOR SPACES HAVE BEEN USED WHICH HAD NOT CREATED FOR IMPROVING IMAGE COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY. IN THIS PAPER, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED IN DIFFERENT COLOR SPACES AND PROPOSED A NEW COLOR TRANSFORM IN ORDER TO IMPROVING IMAGE COMPRESSION QUALITY. THIS COLOR SPACE IS CREATED FROM A LINEAR TRANSFORM OF RGB COLOR SPACE. THE RESULTS ARE BASED ON A COMPLETE IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM. JPEG2000 HAS BEEN USED FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION AND GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR TRANSFORM OPTIMIZATION.

THE SEVERITY OF THE INJURY AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY IS PRIMARILY REFLECTED IN THE EXTENT OF PARALYSIS AND LOSS OF SENSATION (IMPAIRMENT) AND INABILITY TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING. IF THE SPINAL CORD BELOW THE LEVEL OF INJURY REMAINS INTACT, IT IS USUALLY POSSIBLE TO RESTORE THE LOST FUNCTION BY APPLYING FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FES). THE USE OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO OBTAIN CONTROLLED ACTIVATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, RESULTING IN SENSATION OR MOVEMENT, IS CALLED FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR STIMULATION (FNS). IN RECENT YEARS THERE HAS BEEN INCREASING INTEREST IN THE UTILIZATION OF FNS FOR AUGMENTING OR RESTORING FUNCTION IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESIONS. OUR GROUP HAS BEEN DEVELOPING A PORTABLE MICROPROCESSOR-BASED FNS SYSTEM WITH EIGHT CHANNELS. THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF OUR SYSTEM ARE A MICROPROCESSOR AND A HOST COMPUTER. THE STIMULATION PATTERN WHICH IS DESIGNED ON THE HOST COMPUTER IS LOADED INTO THE EPROM OF THE PORTABLE SYSTEM THROUGH THE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS LINE. THE STIMULI WERE CURRENT-CONTROLLED AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION LEVEL WAS REGULATED BY THE STIMULUS PULSE-WIDTH… THESE MODES OF OPERATION CAN BE TRIGGERED BY A REMOTE CONTROL. ONE IMPORTANT ISSUE IN MOTOR NEURAL PROSTHESES IS RELIABILITY. THE SYSTEM WOULD BE ABLE TO TEST THE CONNECTIVITY OF THE LEADS WHICH CONNECT THE SYSTEM TO THE ELECTRODES. THE DEVICE HAS DIFFERENT ALARMS TO WARN THE PATIENT DURING LOW BATTERY AND CONNECTION FAULT.THIS SYSTEM HAS BEEN DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED IN BIOINSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY, IRAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (IUST) UNDER SUPERVISION OF DR. A. ERFANIAN.

ONE OF IMAGING MODALITIES IN MEDICINE IS ULTRASOUND SYSTEM, THE PRINCIPLE ULTRASOUND IMAGES ARE TWO-DIMENSIONAL, AND HOWEVER THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES OFFER BETTER OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION. TO CREATE ULTRASOUND THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES, SPECIAL TRANSDUCERS WITH TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS ARE USED. THESE TRANSDUCERS CONSIST OF PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS ARRANGED TWO DIMENSIONALLY, SINCE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH TWO DIMENSIONAL TRANSDUCERS ARE COMPLEX; SIMULATION OF THE TRANSDUCERS IS AN APPROPRIATE WAY TO OPTIMIZE THEIR BEAM PATTERN FOR A PARTICULAR APPLICATION. FOR THIS REASON IN THIS RESEARCH THE EQUATIONS OF BEAM PATTERN ARE DERIVED AND THEN SIMULATED, THE KEY PARAMETERS EFFECTIVELY THE BEAM PATTERN CAN BE ALTERED BY USER TO OPTIMIZE BEAM PATTERN FOR A PARTICULAR APPLICATION. THE RESULT OF THE OPTIMIZATION IS SHOWN GRAPHICALLY AND CAN BE ANALYZED EFFICIENTLY. THIS RESEARCH CAN BE USED AS AN APPROPRIATE TOOL FOR THE DESIGN OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL OR TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY TRANSDUCERS.

FIBULAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT (LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT) (LCL) IS ONE OF THE FOUR BASIC LIGAMENTS IN KNEE JOINT. IN TRAUMAS THAT STRIKE THE KNEE LATERALLY AND IN SOME DISORDERS LIKE GENOVARUM, THE KNEE DEVIATES TO THE LATERAL SIDE. STRAIN OF FIBULAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT IS DUE TO THIS DEVIATION MAY LEAD TO PARTIAL OR TOTAL RUPTURE OF LIGAMENT. IN THIS STUDY THE STRESS AND STRAIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN A THREE DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF GENOVARUM DISORDER OF HUMAN LCL HAVE BEEN ANALYZED USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION. GEOMETRY OF LIGAMENT HAS BEEN CHOSEN SAME AS ANATOMICAL DATA FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES. THE LIGAMENT IS CONSIDERED AS AN ISOTROPIC MATERIAL, WITH MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 0.06 GPA AND POISSON’S RATIO OF 0.45. A LINEAR ELASTIC FINITE ELEMENT MODEL HAS BEEN USED. RESULTS OF STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS WITHIN THE LIGAMENT HAVE BEEN STUDIED AND MAXIMUM STRESS HAS BEEN LOCALIZED. THESE RESULTS INDICATE THAT MAXIMUM STRESS IS ON THE MIDLINE OF LIGAMENT, WHICH IS IN ACCORD WITH THE CLINICAL FINDING.

THE PEPTIDES THAT ARE EXPRESSED IN ASSOCIATION WITH MHC MOLECULES ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN THE PROCESS OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY T CELLS. THE DETERMINATION OF AMINO-ACID SEQUENCES OF THESE T CELL EPITOPES IS OF GREAT VALUE IN THE VACCINE DESIGN. THE EXPERIMENTAL METHODS RELATED TO THIS TASK ARE VERY EXPENSIVE AND TIME CONSUMING. THEREFORE, SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES ARE GETTING POPULAR TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF PEPTIDES THAT SHOULD BE TESTED. IN THIS STUDY, ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS ARE USED IN ORDER TO PREDICT THE EPITOPES. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT HIGH SENSITIVITIES AND SPECIFICITIES CAN BE OBTAINED IN THE PREDICTION OF HLA-A*0201 ASSOCIATED PEPTIDES BY USING MULTI-LAYER PERCEPTRON NETWORKS. THE SENSITIVITIES AND SPECIFICITIES OF THESE NETWORKS ARE FOUND TO BE 91-92% AND 79-82%, RESPECTIVELY. CONSIDERING THE FACT THAT THE CORRESPONDING NUMBERS OF THE PREVIOUS REPORTS HAVE RARELY BEEN ABOVE 80%, THESE RESULTS ARE PROMISING.

MICROENCAPSULATION IS ONE OF THE TOOLS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF THE DRUGS INTO BODY. IN THIS STUDY, POLYURETHANE MICROSPHERES HAVE BEEN SYNTHESIZED BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD. CASTOR OIL, 4-4-METHYLENE BISPHENYL ISOCYANATE (MDI) AND HEXAMETHYLENDIISOCYANAT (HMDI) ARE USED AS DIOL AND ISOCYANATES. IN THE NEXT STEP, THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS VARIATIONS ON RELEASE BEHAVIOR AND MORPHOLOGY OF PU PARTICLES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE MORPHOLOGY AND RELEASE BEHAVIOR, FTIR, SEM, OPTICAL MICROSCOPE, DISSOLUTION INSTRUMENT AND UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER HAVE BEEN USED. THE RESULTS SHOW CLEARLY THAT THE POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT COMPLETELY. THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARTICLES SEEMED CRIMPLED AS WELL AND THE RELEASE PROFILE INCREASED WITH RISING NCO/OH RATIO.

HYDROCOLLOID WOUND DRESSINGS ARE CATEGORIZED IN THE FIELD OF PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES. THREE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF BEHAVIOR OF A WOUND DRESSING PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE ARE: I) ITS ABILITY TO FORM BONDS RAPIDLY UNDER A LIGHT PRESSURE APPLIED FOR A SHORT TIME, AT THE MOST A FEW SECONDS II) THE ABILITY OF THE BONDS TO SUSTAIN ENOUGH PEELING LOADS AND III) ITS ABILITY TO BE REMOVED WITHOUT LEAVING ADHESIVE RESIDUE ON THE SKIN SURFACE AND CAUSING SKIN DAMAGE. ONE OF THE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN A WOUND DRESSING PERFORMANCE IS ITS WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION RATE WHICH MUST BE PROPORTIONAL TO AMOUNT OF WOUND LIQUIDS. THIS WORK IS THE FIRST STEP OF DESIGNING A WOUND DRESSING BASED ON POLYISOBUTYLENE AND OPTIMIZING ITS WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION RATE WITH ITS ADHESIVE PROPERTIES.

IN SPITE OF EMERGING A PLENTY OF METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES (FMRI), USING THE CORRELATION-BASED STRATEGIES IS STILL A ROBUST APPROACH. IN FACT, TIME SERIES OF ACTIVE VOXELS (OF BRAIN) SHOW A GOOD CORRELATION WITH STIMULATION PATTERN. IN THIS PAPER, WE USED THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FMRI TIME SERIES AND THE BASES OF A SIGNAL SUBSPACE.WE FORMULATED THIS NEW IDEA THROUGH A LIKELIHOOD RATIO TEST, IN WHICH WE TESTED THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE TIME SERIES OF A NEIGHBORHOOD AND BASES OF SUBSPACE. THE SUBSPACE MODELS THE ACTIVATION CONTENTS OF FMRI SIGNAL. THE PRESENTED METHOD HAS TWO ADVANTAGES OVER THE CONVENTIONAL CORRELATION METHOD. FIST: BY USING THE BASES OF A SIGNAL SUBSPACE, IT INCREASES THE FLEXIBILITY THROUGH DETECTING DIFFERENT SHAPES OF HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE; SECOND: IT INCORPORATES THE SPATIAL DATA FOR ACTIVATION DETECTION, BY USING THE TIME SERIES OF A SPATIAL NEIGHBORHOOD.THE PROPOSED METHOD WAS APPLIED ON SIMULATED AND REAL FMRI DATA. AFTER DETECTING THE ACTIVATED VOXELS WITH THIS METHOD, THEY COMPARED WITH THAT OF CONVENTIONAL CORRELATION METHODS. THE RESULTS SHOW ITS SUPERIORITY OVER THE CONVENTIONAL CORRELATION-BASED METHODS.

AUTOMATIC SEGMENTATION OF BRAIN TISSUES IS CRUCIAL TO MANY MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS. ACCURATE AND FAST BRAIN TISSUE SEGMENTATION IS NEEDED FOR MANY MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES. WE USE A MULTI-RESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND A POWER TRANSFORM TO EXTEND THE WELL-KNOWN GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION BASED ALGORITHM FOR SEGMENTATION OF WHITE MATTER, GRAY MATTER, AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FROM T1-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES (MRI) OF THE BRAIN. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH NEAR 4000 SYNTHETIC AND REAL IMAGES ARE INCLUDED. THE RESULTS ILLUSTRATE THAT THE PROPOSED METHOD OUTPERFORMS SIX EXISTING METHODS.

IN THIS PAPER, THE AMOUNT OF POROSITY FOR COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS BASED ON GELATIN AND HYDROXYAPATITE (HA) FABRICATED FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS WAS EVALUATED AND BENDING MODULI OF SUCH SCAFFOLDS WERE STUDIED USING DYNAMIC MECHANICAL THERMAL ANALYSIS (DMTA) METHOD. ALL THE SAMPLES EXHIBITED POROSITIES HIGHER THAN 42% (FOR 50 WT% HA) UP TO 72% AS MAXIMUM LEVEL (FOR PURE GELATIN). BENDING MODULI OF ALL THE SAMPLES WERE OVER 35 GPA (RANGING FROM 36 TO 38 GPA) BEING SUPERIOR TO THOSE REPORTED EARLIER IN THE LITERATURE FOR OTHER BIODEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS USED IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING SUCH AS SR-PGA AND PLLA/HA COMPOSITES.

THE GOAL OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO INTRODUCE A PULSED DOPPLER SYSTEM WHICH IS DESIGNED FOR VESSEL BLOOD VELOCITY MEASUREMENT AND FOR STENOSIS ASSESSMENT IN ARTERIES AND VEINS. AN ULTRASONIC DOPPLER DETECTOR IS USED TO MONITOR THE BLOOD FLOW, AND MEASURES THE BLOOD FLOW VELOCITY IN ARTERIES AND VEINS. THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE DOPPLER ULTRASOUND GIVE THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF STENOSIS AND OCCLUSIONS IN THE BLOOD VESSELS, MAINLY IN ARTERIES. THE STENOSIS AFFECT THE VELOCITY PROFILE AND BLOOD FLOW PRESSURE AND PRODUCES TURBULENCE. THE MEASUREMENT OF THE VELOCITY PROFILE, WHICH REPRESENTS FREQUENCY SHIFTS IN THE DOPPLER SPECTRUM, CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF STENOSIS. WE CONSTRUCT HARDWARE OF THE PULSED DOPPLER SYSTEM WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A PC VIA A PCI A/D (ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER) CARD. THIS DEVICE USES A 2 MHZ ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER. HARDWARE CONSIST OF MASTER OSCILLATOR, 2 MHZ MAIN AND QUADRATURE SIGNAL PRODUCER, TRANSMITTER, RECEIVER, RF AMPLIFIER, DEMODULATOR AND SAMPLING CIRCUITS. DATA ANALYSING AND SIGNAL DISPLAY ARE IMPLEMENTED BY A SPECIAL SOFTWARE WHICH IS WRITTEN IN VISUAL C++ LANGUAGE. TO TEST THE SYSTEM, A STRING DOPPLER PHANTOM WAS BUILT WHICH CAN ALSO BE USED FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF OTHER CLINICAL DOPPLER SYSTEMS.

LINEAR METHODS IGNORES MANY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLICATED SYSTEMS, THIS CAUSES AN ADDITIONAL ERROR IN MODELING. IN THIS PAPER, NONLINEAR METHODS HAVE BEEN USED TO ANALYZE HEART BEAT SIGNALS. WE HAVE APPLIED FRACTAL METHODS TO COMPARE THE HEART BEAT SIGNAL OF A NORMAL SUBJECT TO THAT OF AN ABNORMAL ONE. FRACTAL ANALYSIS SHOWS THAT HEART BEAT SIGNAL OF A NORMAL PERSON HAS NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTIC WHEREAS THE HEARTBEAT OF AN ABNORMAL PERSON HAS LINEAR CHARACTERISTIC IN THE STATE OF NONLINEARITY, HEART BEAT HAS MULTIFRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS, WHILE IN THE STATE OF LINEARITY IT HAS MONOFRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS.

BLOOD IS A VITAL FLUID OF THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM. MEASUREMENT OF ITS VISCOSITY AND OTHER PROPERTIES CAN BE VERY IMPORTANT IN DETECTING AND UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. IN PRESENT PAPER, THE BLOOD FLOW IN A CONCENTRIC CYLINDER VISCOMETER HAS BEEN SIMULATED NUMERICALLY. THE BLOOD FLOW PATTERNS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED BY APPLYING DIFFERENT ROTATIONAL SPEED OF INNER CYLINDER. FORMING A QUETTE FLOW, END EFFECTS AND SUITABLE ROTATIONAL SPEED HAVE BEEN ANALYZED. THE AMOUNT OF THE TORQUE APPLIED TO THE INNER CYLINDER WHICH PREVENTS THE GENERATION OF THE TAYLOR VORTICES IS ALSO PREDICTED. FROM THE PRESENTED RESULTS, ONE CAN CONCLUDE THAT THESE VORTICES ARE NOT AS IMPORTANT AS THE END EFFECTS. IN ORDER TO KEEP THE BLOOD SAMPLE TEMPERATURE WITHIN A CONSTANT AND ACCEPTABLE RANGE A THERMAL BATH IS USED. HEAT REMOVAL RATE WITH DEFERENT INFLOW RATE OF COOLANT HAS BEEN PREDICTED NUMERICALLY.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO MODEL COLLAGEN FIBERS REMODELING IN SOFT TISSUE OF THE HUMAN DISC, DUE TO MECHANICAL STIMULI. A 3-D NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC WAS CONSTRUCTED, INCLUDING ANNULUS, NUCLEUS AND SOME OF THE SPINAL STRUCTURES. THE ANNULUS CONSISTED OF COLLAGEN FIBERS, REPRESENTED BY CABLE ELEMENTS, EMBEDDED IN A FLEXIBLE GROUND SUBSTANCE. THE STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY CRITERION WAS EMPLOYED TO PREDICT REMODELING PROCESS IN THE COLLAGEN FIBERS. AFTER APPLYING PHYSIOLOGICAL LOADING CONDITIONS, DISTRIBUTION OF THE STRAIN ENERGY DENSITY WITHIN THE MODEL FIBERS WAS COMPUTED AND COMPARED WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF COLLAGEN CONTENT IN THE NATURAL DISC STRUCTURE. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT, LESS STIMULATED PARTS IN THE FE MODEL, HAVE LOW COLLAGEN CONTENT IN THE NATURAL DISC.

AN OPTIMAL MODEL BASED CONTROLLER OF THE THERMAL DOSE IN HYPERTHERMIA HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, USING PENNES BIO HEAT TRANSFER FUNCTION (WHICH IS A DIFFUSION EQUATION) AS A PLANT MODEL. HERE IN, A NEW APPROACH IS USED TO OPTIMIZE THE THERMAL DOSE OF A SIMPLE SCANNED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER THAT SATISFIES THE FOLLOWING AIMS: A) RISING TEMPERATURE OF TUMOR REGION TO 43°C AND KEEP IT UNIFORM DURING TREATMENT. (IT TAKES 30 TO 60 MINUTES). B) KEEPING THE TEMPERATURE OF NORMAL REGION NEAR ITS INITIAL VALUE. C) USING THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY. D) OBTAINING THE OPTIMAL OPEN LOOP CONTROLLER THAT DOES NOT NEED THE INVASIVE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS. THIS WORK DEMONSTRATES THAT THE TEMPERATURE CAN BE MADE MUCH MORE UNIFORM BY DEPOSING GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGY AT THE BOUNDARY OF TUMOR THAN WITHIN THE INTERIOR TUMOR REGION (IT DEMONSTRATES IN SIMULATION PART).

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE FEASIBILITY OF SATISFYING THE SIMULTANEOUS CLINICAL STABILITY AND EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION IN BOTH SIMPLIFIED AND COMPLEX MUSCULOSKELETAL MODEL OF HUMAN LUMBAR SPINE. A 3-D FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF LUMBAR SPINE (L1-S1) HAS BEEN MADE USING LINEAR ELASTIC BEAM ELEMENTS AND THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MODEL WAS ANALYZED UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS WITH TWO MUSCLE MODELING STRUCTURE: 1) A SIMPLIFIED MODEL WITH 10 MUSCLES ATTACHED TO A SINGLE LEVEL OF THE SPINE (AT A TOP PLATE MOUNTED AT L1 LEVEL), 2) A MORE COMPLEX MODEL WITH 132 MUSCLES CONNECTED TO THE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF THE SPINE. IT WAS SHOWN THAT THE SIMPLIFIED MUSCUSKELETAL MODEL IS NOT CAPABLE TO SATISFY THE EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY CONDITIONS UNDER EXTERNAL LOADS AND WILL HAVE LARGE DISPLACEMENTS IN THESE LOADING CONDITIONS.

IN THIS PAPER, HEAT PRODUCTION, TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION IN BODY HAS BEEN STUDIED. FOR INSTANCE, A MODEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED FOR THERMAL DISTRIBUTION IN ARM. IN THIS TWO DIMENSIONAL MODEL, GOVERNING EQUATIONS HAVE BEEN SOLVED WITH FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD. TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR TISSUE, ARTERY AND VEIN AND ALSO TEMPERATURE CONTOURS FOR TISSUE IN THREE CONDITIONS: NORMAL TEMPERATURE, HOT TEMPERATURE (SWEATING) AND COLD TEMPERATURE (SHIVERING) ARE PRESENTED. PHYSICAL COEFFICIENTS AND THERMO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TISSUE AND BLOOD VESSELS WERE ADOPTED FROM LITERATURE AND RESULTS OBTAINED AND PRESENTED ACCORDINGLY.

IN THIS PAPER, A NEW METHODE IS INTRODUCED FOR SEGMENTATION OF HUMAN SPERM IN MICROSCOPIC IMAGES. THE AIM OF APPLYING THIS METHODE IS HIGH ACCURACY BOUNDRY DETECTION FOR FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPERM IN TWO CATEGORIES: NORMAL AND ABNORMAL.THIS METHODE INCLUDES TWO SEPARATE ALGORITHMS. FIRST ALGORITHM IS BASED ON PRIMARY CONTOUR GROWING FOR DETECTION OF HEAD AND MIDPIECE. IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE SPEED OF FINAL RESULT, WE CHANGED THE LATER MODELS OF THIS TECHNIQUE. SO WE CAN USE THIS ALGORITHM FOR BOUNDRY DETECTION OF INFINITIVE NUMBER OF SPERM IN ONE IMAGE. IN THE SECOND ALGORITHM BY MEANS OF THESE EDGE POINTS IN HEAD AND MIDPIECE REGION BY A NEW METHODE OF REGION, GROWING THE EDGE OF TAIL WILL ALSO BE DETERMIND.AT THE END, WE INVESTIGATE THE LIMITS OF THIS METHODE IN SUCH AN IMAGE AND THE OVERALL RESULT OF WORK, WHICH IS SATISFACTORY IN HEAD REGION, BUT HAVE SOME PROBLEMS IN TAIL REGION.

IN THIS STUDY, THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF H-REFLEX BEFORE AND AFTER TENS WERE EVALUATED. WE USED PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) METHOD TO EVALUATE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF H-REFLEX. ELEVEN HEALTHY, NON-ATHLETE WOMEN BETWEEN 20-35 YEARS OLD, PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. EACH OF THEM WAS TESTED ONCE AS CONTROL SESSION AND TWICE AS EXPERIMENTAL SESSIONS. IN EXPERIMENTAL SESSIONS, FIFTEEN MINUTES BI-POLAR OR TRI-POLAR TENS WAS DELIVERED TO VERTEBRAL COLUMN. AT LEAST THE SHAPE OF ONE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT, WHICH WAS OBTAINED FROM ALL METHODS, WAS SIMILAR TO PHYSIOLOGICAL WAVEFORM OF H-REFLEX. THERE WERE THREE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS IN ALL METHODS, WHICH INCLUDE CONTROL GROUP BEFORE AND AFTER STIMULATION, AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS BEFORE AND AFTER BI-POLAR AND TRI-POLAR TENS.

THE QRS DETECTION AND FEATURE EXTRACTION OF ECG SIGNALS CAN BE USED AS AN EXPERT SYSTEM IN HEART ARRHYTHMIA DIAGNOSIS. AN ALGORITHM THAT DETECTS QRS COMPLEXES AND CLASSIFIES ECG SIGNALS CAN UNDERTAKE THE TASK OF DETECTING HEART ABNORMALITIES. IN THIS PAPER, A REAL-TIME ALGORITHM FOR ECG SIGNAL PROCESSING HAS BEEN SUGGESTED AND UTILIZED.IN THE FIRST PHASE, THE OCCURRENCE OF QRS COMPLEXES IS RECOGNIZED AND WHILE COUNTING THEM, THEY ARE STORED FOR THE NEXT PHASE. THE DETECTION ALGORITHM USES THE AMPLITUDE, DURATION, SLOPES OF QRS COMPLEXES FOR EXAMINING THEIR OCCURRENCE, AND AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTS THE REQUIRED THRESHOLDS. SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION HAS BEEN EXAMINED FROM THREE ASPECTS: NEURAL NETWORK, STATISTICAL AND FUZZY METHODS.THE RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION SHOW THE CAPABILITY OF THE ALGORITHMS PRESENTED FOR QRS COMPLEX DETECTION AND ECG SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION. BY COMPARING THE CLASSIFICATION METHODS, IT IS CLEAR THAT FOR REAL-TIME APPLICATIONS THE STATISTICAL AND FUZZY METHODS ARE MORE SUITABLE.

GELATIN IS A PROTEIN DERIVED FROM THE ORGANIC CONSTITUENT OF BONE (COLLAGEN). COMBINATION OF THIS PROTEIN WITH THE INORGANIC CONSTITUENT (HYDROXYAPATITE) WOULD PROVIDE MUCH CLOSER PROPERTIES TO THE NATURAL BONE. THUS IN THIS STUDY A COMPOSITE SCAFFOLD BASED ON GELATIN AND HYDROXYAPATITE WAS OFFERED AS A BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR BONE TISSUE. FABRICATION OF SUCH SCAFFOLDS WAS CARRIED OUT BY SOLVENT CASTING METHOD WITHOUT USING ANY ORGANIC SOLVENT INCREASING THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY LEVEL. POROSITIES OBTAINED HERE WERE QUITE SPONTANEOUS WITHOUT THE AID OF POROGENS. THE PORES INDICATED HIGH INTERCONNECTIVITIES WITH DIAMETERS RANGING FROM 50 TO 200 MICRONS, WHICH IS MUCH APPROPRIATE FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. IN ORDER TO STUDY THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE SCAFFOLDS, MOUSE FIBROBLASTIC CELLS WERE USED. AFTER 24-HOUR CELL CULTURE PERIOD, IN VITRO, SUITABLE CELL ATTACHMENT WAS OBSERVED SHOWING HIGH BIOCOMPATIBILITY FOR ALL THE SAMPLES. FURTHER EXAMINATIONS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE BEST BIOCOMPATIBILITY IS RELATED TO COMPOSITE OF 50 WT% HYDROXYAPATITE AND 50 WT% GELATIN.

DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT MODELING OF DISEASE IS CONSIDERED BY MANY OF RESEARCHERS RECENTLY. REGARDING TO THE RESULTS OF OTHER STUDIES, WE TRIED TO PRESENT A MODEL IN THIS PAPER FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND ALSO A METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE. WE HAVE BENEFITED OF AVAILABLE RECORDED DATA OF IRANIAN NEONATES. THE IDEA BEHIND THE PREDICTION MODELING WAS TO AVOID PROBABLE ORGANIC DAMAGES OF NEONATE AND TREATMENT COST SAVING.

THERE IS AN INCREASING DEMAND FOR ULTRASONIC SURGICAL KNIFES, DUE TO THE SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OF THESE SYSTEMS IN RELATION TO THE CONVENTIONAL KNIFES. THIS STUDY DEALS WITH THE DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND FABRICATION OF AN ULTRASONIC SURGICAL KNIFE TO EXTEND THE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF THESE SYSTEMS. THE GENERAL DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM WAS PERFORMED CONSIDERING THE DIFFERENT DESIGN CONSTRAINTS AND PARAMETERS. THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (IN ANSYS ENVIRONMENT) WAS EMPLOYED TO SIMULATE THE PIEZOELECTRIC BEHAVIOR AND MODAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSDUCER AND OBTAIN ITS OPTIMAL DIMENSIONS. FOLLOWING THE FABRICATION OF A PROTOTYPE, NATURAL FREQUENCY AND IMPEDANCE OF THE TRANSDUCER WERE MEASURED USING NETWORK ANALYZER. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND CAN PREDICT THE NATURAL FREQUENCY BY A 10% ERROR. THE PRIMARY APPLICATION TESTS ON THE PROTOTYPE, SUGGEST THAT IT HAS A GOOD PERFORMANCE FOR EASY AND EFFECTIVE CUTTING OF MATERIALS AND TISSUES.

IN AN ATTEMPT TO DIFFERENTIATE MALIGNANT FROM BENIGN IN A GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH HISTOPATHOLOGICALLY PROVED BREAST LESIONS BASED ON THE DATA DERIVED INDEPENDENTLY FROM TIME-INTENSITY CURVE USING THE WAVELET TRANSFORM A NEURAL NETWORK ESTABLISHED. THE PERFORMANCE OF ANN WAS EVALUATED USING A DATABASE WITH 105 PATIENTS' RECORDS EACH OF WHICH CONSISTED OF 8 QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS MOSTLY DERIVED FROM TIME-INTENSITY CURVE USING WAVELET TRANSFORM. THESE FINDINGS WERE ENCODED AS FEATURES FOR A THREE-LAYERED NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT THE OUTCOME OF BIOPSY. THE NETWORK WAS TRAINED AND TESTED USING THE JACKKNIFE METHOD AND ITS PERFORMANCE WAS THEN COMPARED TO THAT OF THE RADIOLOGISTS IN TERMS OF SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY AND ACCURACY USING RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVE (ROC) ANALYSIS. THE NETWORK WAS ABLE TO CLASSIFY CORRECTLY OF 84 ORIGINAL CASES AND YIELDED A COMPARABLE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY (80%), COMPARED TO THAT OF THE RADIOLOGIST (85%) BY PERFORMING A CONSTRUCTIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXTRACTED QUANTITATIVE DATA AND CORRESPONDING PATHOLOGICAL RESULTS (R=0.63, P<0.001). AN ANN SUPPORTED BY WAVELET TRANSFORM CAN BE TRAINED TO DIFFERENTIATE MALIGNANT FROM BENIGN WITH A REASONABLE DEGREE OF ACCURACY.

CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOT BIOMECHANICS INCLUDES STUDIES ON PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF NEUROPATHIC FOOT ULCERS. THIS PRESCRIBES ACCOMMODATIVE INSOLES, WHICH REDUCE PLANTAR PRESSURE LEVELS PARTICULARLY UNDER THE HALLUX. THERE IS LITTLE QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION AVAILABLE REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF INSOLE MATERIALS. THE INSOLE MODELS AVAILABLE IN THE LITERATURE ARE MOSTLY TWO- DIMENSIONAL (2-D). HENCE, THERE IS A NEED TO DEVELOP A 3-D MODEL WITH ACTUAL GEOMETRY WHICH INCLUDES SUFFICIENT DETAILS. IN THIS STUDY A THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3-D) MODEL OF THE INSOLE WAS CONSTRUCTED. A LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) WAS DONE. RESULTS WERE COMPARED FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS SUCH AS SILICON GEL, PLASTOZOT, POLYFOAM, AND ETHINIL VINYL ACETATE (EVA). TO CONSTRUCT OUR 3-D FINITE ELEMENT MODEL 14736 NODES AND 16170 ELEMENTS WERE USED. THIS RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT MOST OF THESE MATERIALS ARE VERY EFFECTIVE IN TERMS OF REDUCTION OF STRESS CONCENTRATIONS. THE TECHNIQUES USED IN THIS RESEARCH PROVIDE A PROMISING APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE BEHAVIOR OF INSOLE MATERIALS AND PROVIDES A DESIGN GUIDELINE IN THE DESIGN OF THERAPEUTIC FOOTWEAR AND ORTHOSES FOR INSENSATE FEET.

THE BEAM PATTERN PROFILE OF AN ULTRASOUND ARRAY IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE IN ULTRASOUND IMAGING. THIS PROFILE COULD BE ENHANCED BY WEIGHTING THE ELEMENTS OF ARRAY, HOWEVER THIS TECHNIQUE WILL DECREASE THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (S/N) AND CONSEQUENTLY THE QUALITY OF THE OBTAINED IMAGE.IN THIS RESEARCH THE S/N VARIATION IN WEIGHTING PROCESS IS MATHEMATICALLY ANALYZED AND A NEW METHOD TO OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHTING PARAMETERS IS PROPOSED, WHOSE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS PROVIDING THE DESIRED OUTPUT OF T HE BEAM PATTERN PROFILE OF THE ULTRASOUND ARRAY AS WELL AS THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE S/N.

ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT OF COLLAGEN-BASED ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS LED TO AN INCREASE IN THE IN VITRO BIOCOMPATIBILITY. ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS WERE PREPARED BY STABILIZATION OF COLLAGEN MATRICES THROUGH GLUTARALDEHYDE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE-POLYETHYLENE OXIDE (PEO) CROSS-LINKING. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER SURFACE PROPERTIES SUCH AS SURFACE HYDROPHILICITY AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED BY CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM), RESPECTIVELY. THE EPITHELIALIZATION OF UNTREATED AND TREATED SAMPLES WAS EVALUATED BY THE SEEDING AND GROWTH OF HUMAN CORNEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS. ENHANCED ATTACHMENT AND PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS TO ARTIFICIAL CORNEA SURFACES WERE OBSERVED AFTER ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. SURFACE HYDROPHILICITY WAS ALSO INCREASED CONSIDERABLY BY ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. AFM CHARACTERIZATION ALSO SHOWED AN INCREASE IN SURFACE ROUGHNESS THROUGH ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT. BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL AND SURFACE ANALYSIS, ARGON PLASMA TREATMENT DISPLAYS PROMISING POTENTIAL FOR BIOCOMPATIBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF COLLAGEN-BASED ARTIFICIAL CORNEAS.

IN ORDER TO COMPARE OF AORTA-CORONARY BYPASS AND CORONARY-CORONARY BYPASS BLOOD FLOW FIELDS IN THE END-TO-SIDE ANASTOMOSIS, IN THIS STUDY WE CARRIED OUT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PULSATILE BLOOD FLOW BY USING FLUENT 5.2.3 SOFTWARE. NONEXISTENCE OF SECONDARY FLOWS IN CORONARY-CORONARY BYPASS BLOOD FLOW FIELDS FOR VARIOUS DEGREES OF BYPASS GRAFTING ANGLES AGAINST AORTA-CORONARY BYPASS, RETURN OF TOTAL BLOOD FLOW TOWARD UPSTREAM IN CORONARY-CORONARY BYPASS 3 TIMES OVER A HEART CYCLE, HIGH TEMPORARY AND SPATIAL OSCILLATION IN WALL SHEAR STRESS MAGNITUDES FOR AORTA-CORONARY BYPASS AND LOW WALL SHEAR STRESS MAGNITUDES FOR CORONARY-CORONARY BYPASS WERE OF IMPORTANT RESULTS.

RECENTLY, INTRAVASCULAR CATHETER PROBES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO INCREASE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (SNR) FOR MR IMAGING OF BLOOD VESSELS. MINIATURIZATION OF THESE CATHETER PROBES WITH HIGH SNR IS VERY CRITICAL IN IMAGING SMALL VESSELS SUCH AS CORONARY ARTERIES. THIS STUDY INTRODUCES A THIN NEW MONOPOLE PROBE WITH 4CM LENGTH AND .9MM THICKNESS. THE NEW PROBE COULD BE CONSTRUCTED BY REMOVING ONE SEGMENT OF COAX CABLE SHIELD FROM TOP SIDE AND CONNECTING THE RESIDUAL SHIELD TO END SIDE OF CENTRAL WIRE. PROVED THAT THE RATIO OF NEW PROBE AND OLD MONOPOLE SNR’S IS 50 PERCENT AT 21.29MHZ. THE RESULTS OF SIMULATION WERE VERIFIED BY PRACTICAL MEASUREMENTS. THE NEW PROBE IS FLEXIBLE AND COULD BE PLACED INSIDE THE CATHETER ANGIOGRAPHY FOR CORONARY ARTERIAL IMAGING.

THE CHEMOTACTIC CAPABILITY OF SOME CELLS IS INFINITELY USEFUL FOR THEIR SURVIVAL. THIS CAPABILITY IS BASED UPON MECHANISMS DETECTING CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ACROSS THE CELL DIAMETER. THIS SIGNAL (CONCENTRATION GRADIENT) DECREASES WITH THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE. ON THE OTHER HAND, THERE IS A NOISE CAUSED BY THERMAL MOTIONS OF MOLECULES INFECTING THIS SIGNAL. THERE IS A THRESHOLD DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE BEYOND WHICH THE SIGNAL IS WEAKER THAN NOISE AND THE CELLS LYING THERE COULD NOT MAKE A DEFINITE DECISION ABOUT THE SOURCE DIRECTION. PROBABLE MECHANISMS DIMINISHING THE NOISE AND EXTENDING THIS DISTANCE THRESHOLD HAVE BEEN DISCUSSED IN THIS ARTICLE. IT HAS ALSO BEEN ARGUED THAT IF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT WOULD BE A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION, IT COULD CAUSE DIFFERENT WAYS OF SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO DEPENDENCE ON DISTANCE AND IMPLY INTERESTING CHEMOTACTIC BEHAVIORS OF CELL POPULATIONS.

WHILE SIMPLE PULSE EXCITATION OF THE ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER IS CONVENTIONALLY USED IN ULTRASOUND IMAGING, THE CODED EXCITATION SCHEME OF THE TRANSDUCER WAS PROPOSED RECENTLY TO IMPROVE THE IMAGE QUALITY AND PENETRATION DEPTH. IN THIS ARTICLE, A NOVEL COMBINED “PULSE EXCITATION - CODED EXCITATION” APPROACH IS PRESENTED. THE MOST DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF THE PROPOSED APPROACH, IN COMPARISON TO THE PREVIOUSLY REPORTED CODED EXCITATION METHODS, IS THE FACT THAT THE EXCITATION CODES IN OUR APPROACH ARE ADAPTIVELY GENERATED FOR EACH SCAN LINE USING THE INFORMATION OBTAINED BY A SIMPLE PULSE EXCITATION PRIOR TO THE CODED EXCITATION OF THE TRANSDUCER. THEREFORE, THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TISSUE AND THE ULTRASOUND BEAM TRAVELLING THROUGH IT IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF INFORMATION, WHICH IS USED TO GENERATE THE CODES IN THE NEW SCHEME. A SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR GENERATING THE ULTRASOUND SIGNALS DUE TO THE CODED EXCITATION OF THE TRANSDUCER IS EXPLAINED IN THIS PAPER. MOREOVER, THE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SNR ARE QUANTITATIVELY COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS METHODS.

IN THIS STUDY WE EXAMINED THE RECOVERY RESPONSES TO SIDEWAYS PUSHES TO THE RIGHT SHOULDER DURING WALKING. TO EXAMINE A REALISTIC SITUATION THE WIDTH OF THE WALKWAY WAS RESTRICTED (BOUNDARY CONDITION). PERTURBATIONS WERE APPLIED RANDOMLY WITHOUT PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECTS AT EITHER RIGHT OR LEFT SINGLE SUPPORT PHASES OF THE GAIT. PERTURBATIONS WERE TRIGGERED BY FOOT CONTACT ON A FORCE PLATE MOUNTED IN THE LABORATORY WALKWAY. PLANAR DISPLACEMENT OF THE CENTER OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL ANGLES OF THE TRUNK IN THE FRONTAL AND TRANSVERSAL PLANES SHOW THAT A) BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AFFECTED MAINLY THE CONTROL OF MOVEMENT IN THE MEDIA-LATERAL DIRECTION, AND B) GAIT PHASE INFLUENCED CHIEFLY THE ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT OF THE TRUNK IN THE TRANSVERSAL AND FRONTAL PLANES. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT FOOT-PLACEMENT STRATEGY WAS APPLIED FOR BALANCE RECOVERY AFTER PERTURBATION.

BY IMPROVING OF AUDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING RECENTLY, THERE IS TOO IMPORTANT TO CLASSIFY THESE SIGNALS BEFORE ADVANCE PROCESSING, AFTER CLASSIFYING AN AUDIO STREAM TO A CLASS WE CAN MAKE DECISION THAT WHAT KIND OF PROCESS SHOULD BE DONE FOR THIS SIGNAL. IN THIS ARTICLE WE PRESENT A ROBUST AUDIO CLASSIFIER WHICH CAN CLASSIFY AUDIO SIGNALS INTO SPEECH OR NON-SPEECH CLASSES, FOR THIS REASON FIRST WE SHOULD EXTRACT COMBINATION OF PERCEPTUAL AND CEPSTRAL FEATURES FROM EACH FRAME AND THEN BY USING FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORKS FOR EACH SIGNAL INTERVAL WE EXAMINE OUR TEST DATA IN THIS TWO CLASS.

ONE OF THE MOST ACCURATE TECHNIQUES FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IS BASED ON THE UNIQUENESS OF THE RETINA BLOOD VESSELS PATTERN. IN THIS PAPER, WE PRESENT A NEW APPROACH FOR HUMAN IDENTIFICATION USING RETINA RECOGNITION. THIS APPROACH IS INSENSITIVE TO ROTATION, SCALING AND TRANSLATION. FOURIER-MELLIN TRANSFORM COEFFICENTS AND MOMENTS OF THE RETINAL IMAGE HAVE BEEN USED AS FEATURES EXTRACTED IN OUR SYSTEM. TO COMPENSATE THE ROTATIONAL EFFECTS, WHICH IS USUALLY CAUSED BY DIFFERENT RELATIVE POSITIONS OF THE RETINA SCANNER WITH RESPECT TO EYE, A ROTATION COMPENSATOR HAS BEEN DESIGNED. FOR RETINAL IMAGE INTERPRETATION, OPTIC DISC LOCATION HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS A FIXED AND REFERENCE POINT AND FOR ITS LOCALIZATION, HAAR WAVELET AND SNAKES MODEL HAVE BEEN USED. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT THE PROPOSED METHOD CAN PROVIDE A RECOGNITION RATE CLOSE TO ZERO.

IN THIS PAPER, THE EFFECTS OF NUMBER AND LOCATION OF THE CONTROL POINTS AND CAMERAS ON THE ACCURACY OF DLT CAMERA CALIBRATION METHOD IN GAIT ANALYSIS SYSTEMS IS STUDIED. USING THE KNOWN COORDINATE OF MARKERS ON TWO CALIBRATION FRAMES, THE EQUATIONS WERE SOLVED AT FIRST DIRECTLY FOR 6 CONTROL POINTS AND THEN USING LEAST SQUARE METHOD FOR DIFFERENT NUMBER OF CONTROL POINTS. IN ADDITION, THE EFFECTS OF LOCATION OF CONTROL POINTS AND NUMBER OF CAMERAS ON THE ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COORDINATES WERE STUDIED. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT BY INCREASING THE NUMBER OF CONTROL POINTS THE RECONSTRUCTION ERROR IS REDUCED SIGNIFICANTLY; THE OPTIMUM NUMBER OF CONTROL POINTS IS 15 CONSIDERING THE AMOUNT OF CALCULATION REQUIRED AND RECONSTRUCTION ACCURACY ACHIEVED. IT WAS ALSO NOTICED THAT THE POSITION OF CONTROL POINTS IN RELATION WITH THE MOTION SPACE IS IMPORTANT; THE CONTROL POINTS SHALL SURROUND THE MOTION SPACE TO MINIMIZE THE RECONSTRUCTION ERROR.

A GOOD ORTHODONTIC WIRE IS ONE THAT CAN EXERT A CONTINUING CONSTANT FORCE DURING CLINICAL TREATMENT OF THE TEETH. NI-TI (NITINOL) WIRES ARE DESIRABLE BECAUSE THEY CAN PRODUCE AN ALMOST CONSTANT FORCE TOGETHER WITH SUCH DESIRABLE PROPERTIES AS STRENGTH, STIFFNESS, FORMABILITY, WELD ABILITY AND CAPABILITY TO BE SOLDERED. IT IS THEREFORE APPROPRIATE TO INVESTIGATE THE NI-TI MECHANICAL AND METALLOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THEIR ACTUAL BEHAVIOR UNDER CLINICAL TREATMENT AS COMPARED TO THOSE OF THE OTHER POPULAR ORTHODONTIC WIRES. IN THIS RESEARCH, WE HAVE FIRST DETERMINED THE LOADING–UNLOADING CURVES OF A NUMBER OF SUPER ELASTIC NI-TI WIRES BY THREE-BRACKET BENDING METHOD AND THEN COMPARED THEIR BEHAVIOR TO INTRODUCE THE MOST SUITABLE ONE WITH RESPECT TO THE SPECIFIC CLINICAL APPLICATION. STRUCTURAL STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE LOW-TEMPERATURE APPLICATION OF STRESS DURING LOADING-UNLOADING TESTS DOES NOT AFFECT THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUPERELASTIC SPECIMENS, WHILE THIS SEEMED REVERSE IN THE SHAPE MEMORY NITI WIRES.

RAPID DEVELOPMENTS HAVE OCCURRED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COUPLE INFERTILITY DUE TO A MALE FACTOR. THE SO-CALLED BASIC SEMEN ANALYSIS, WHICH INCLUDES SUBJECTIVE ESTIMATION OF SPERM CONCENTRATION, MOTILITY AND MORPHOLOGY, HAS LARGELY BECOME OBSOLETE. IT HAS BEEN REPLACED BY SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES SUCH AS COMPUTER ASSISTED SPERM ANALYZERS (CASA). THE ADVANTAGES OF CASA ARE EXACT ASSESSMENT OF CONVENTIONAL SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND THE MEASUREMENT OF NEW PARAMETERS EVALUATING THE FUNCTIONAL STATE AND CAPACITY OF SPERMATOZOA. THE PRESENT PAPER COVERS THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF SEMEN ANALYSIS, ADVANCED METHODS FOR THE OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND NEW IDEA FOR IMPROVING OF ABILITY OF THESE SYSTEMS.

IN THIS STUDY THE SURFACE OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) FILMS WERE IRRADIATED USING LIGHT OF CO2 AND KRF EXCIMER PULSED LASER. THE CHANGES IN THE SURFACE PROPERTIES DUE TO LASER IRRADIATION WERE CHARACTERIZED BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) AND CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENTS. ADHESION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 BACTERIA ON THE IRRADIATED SURFACES BY CO2 AND KRF LASERS WAS STUDIED IN-VITRO. THE NUMBER OF BACTERIA THAT HAD ADHERED ON THE SURFACES WAS INVESTIGATED BY GRAM STAINING AND OPTICAL MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS. BACTERIAL CULTURE EXPERIMENT SHOWED THAT ADHESION OF E.COLI K-12 BACTERIA ON THE IRRADIATED SURFACES BY LASER IN COMPARISON WITH UNMODIFIED SURFACES WAS INCREASED.

IN THIS PAPER CONCENTRATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES FOR THE PURPOSE OF HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT OF CANCEROUS TISSUES IS STUDIED. A CONCAVE TRANSDUCER FOR THE RADIATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES HAS BEEN DESIGNED WHICH HAS THE ABILITY OF FOCUSING WAVES IN A FOCAL ZONE. DUE TO THE HEALTHY TISSUES SENSITIVENESS TO TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS, THE NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC PRESSURE EQUATION HAS BEEN USED TO CALCULATE THE ACOUSTIC PRESSURE IN THE FOCAL REGION. ALSO TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE FOCAL ZONE HAS BEEN STUDIED USING PENNES’ BIO-HEAT TRANSFER EQUATION. CERVIX CANCEROUS TISSUES HAS BEEN CHOSEN TO STUDY AND THE RESULTS OUT OF STUDY AND SIMULATION OF FOCUSING ULTRASONIC WAVES HAS BEEN MENTIONED.

ABSTRACT: IN THIS RESEARCH THE MEG INVERSE PROBLEM METHODS BASED ON DISTRIBUTED SOURCE MODEL IS INVESTIGATED. MOST COMMON METHODS (7 METHODS) WHICH ARE PROPOSED IN THIS FIELD ARE IMPLEMENTED AND EVALUATED ACCORDING TO THREE METRICS. IN ADDITION BASED ON THE EVALUATION RESULTS AN EFFICIENT COMBINATIVE METHOD IS PROPOSED WHICH HAVE THE BENEFITS OF PREVIOUS METHODS. REAL ANATOMICAL AND HEAD MODEL DATA CONFIGURATIONS ARE USED FOR SIMULATION. AT LAST THE RESULTS OF APPLYING SOME SELECTED METHODS TO A REAL SOMATOSENSORY DATASET ARE PRESENTED.

ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES ARE WIDELY USED IN MODERN AGRICULTURE. WORLDWIDE INTOXICATION ATTRIBUTED TO PESTICIDES HAS BEEN ESTIMATED TO BE AS HIGH AS 3 MILLION CASES OF ACUTE, SEVERE POISONING A YEAR, A WIDE VARIETY OF BIOSENSOR TECHNIQUES THAT COULD BE APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANOPHOSPHATES MEASUREMENT HAVE BEEN REPORTED. IN ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION METHOD THAT USES ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE AS SUBSTRATE FOR THE ENZYME MODIFIED ELECTRODE, THREE ENZYMES ARE CO-IMMOBILIZED. THE FIRST, ACETYL CHOLINESTERASE (ACHE), IS SENSITIVE FOR INHIBITOR. THE SECOND ENZYME, CHOLINE OXIDE (CHOX), OXIDIZES THE CHOLINE GENERATED BY THE FIRST ENZYME TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, WHICH OXIDIZED AT THE WORKING ELECTRODE BY THE THIRD ENZYME (HORSE RADISH PEROXIDASE). AS A RESULT, THE CURRENT GENERATED IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE AMOUNT OF INHIBITORS PRESENT IN THE SOLUTION. THE CO-IMMOBILIZATION OF THREE ENZYMES, IN DESCRIBED PROCEDURE WAS NOT SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF THE CONTINUOUS LEAKING OF CHOX WHEREAS ACHE WAS RETAINED IN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT.

THERE IS AN INCREASING ATTENTION ON STUDYING THE ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS ON POLYMER SURFACES DUE TO VARIOUS APPLICATION OF POLYMER AS BIOMATERIALS. IN THIS RESPECT THE ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS ON THE CONTACT LENSES CAN BE MENTIONED WHICH IMPOSE LIMITATION ON THEIR APPLICATIONS. IN THIS RESEARCH THE ADSORPTION OF THE EXISTING PROTEINS IN HUMAN TEAR, ALBUMIN AND LYSOZYME ON THE ACRYLIC ACID (AA) AND 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA) HAVE BEEN MEASURED AND THEN THE RESULTS HAVE EXAMINED BY THE LANGMUIR EMPIRICAL MODEL AND THE PARAMETERS OF THE MODEL HAVE BEEN EVALUATED. ALSO THE FRACTIONAL COVERAGE OF THE CONTACT LENS SURFACES DUE TO THE ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS HAS BEEN DETERMINED.

AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF EVERY ULTRASOUND SYSTEM IS THE HIGH VOLTAGE PULSER, WHICH IS USED TO EXCITE THE TRANSDUCERS. DESIGNING A HIGH PERFORMANCE PULSER CAN BE A CHALLENGING AND A COSTLY PROCEDURE, PARTICULARLY FOR THE ULTRASOUND SYSTEMS. RECENTLY, A HIGH-SPEED POWER MOSFETS HAS BECOME AVAILABLE AT A REASONABLE PRICE (US $20 - US $40).BY EXPLOITING A LARGE CURRENT AND A FAST SWITCHING SPEED OF THESE DEVICES, A VERY SIMPLE AND HIGH PERFORMANCE PULSER CAN COMPLETELY BE BUILT (1). IN THIS PAPER, A 500-VOLT (10A) PULSES WITH LESS THEN 8NS TRANSIENT TIME WAS DESIGNED.THE METHOD OF CASCODE CONNECTION OF POWER MOSFET IS USED BY SIMPLE GROUNDED SOURCE CONFIGURATIONS. OWING TO THE LARGE VOLTAGE, SWINGS (OVER NANOSECONDS TIME INTERVALS) AND THE LARGE JUNCTION CAPACITANCES, THE LARGE CURRENT DISPLACEMENT OF THE GATE MOSFET ARE PROTECTED BY USING A DIODE CLAMP.THE VARIABLE PULS WIDTH AND REPETITION IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH SN74LS624- “A VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO)” AND A FAST MONOSTABLE (74LS123).THE PULSER CAN PROVIDE 5KW PULSES. PULSES RANGING FROM 50 TO 1000 NS HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY GENERATED WITH CONTROLLED REPETITION OF 100HZ - 2000HZ.THE ENTIRE CIRCUIT, INCLUDING THE POWER SUPPLY AND THE PULSE TRIGGER, CAN BE BUILT FOR LESS THAN US $40.

IMAGES OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS MEDICAL IMAGING SYSTEMS ARE NOT CAPABLE OF DEFINING COMPLETE FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TISSUE ON THEIR OWN, SO THE METHODS IN WHICH DATA FUSION IS CONSIDERED WOULD COME INTO NOTICE. IN THIS ARTICLE A PIXEL LEVEL IMAGE FUSION ALGORITHM BASED ON WAVELET TRANSFORM USING MULTI FUSION RULES FOR MERGING DIFFERENT IMAGE IS PROPOSED. THE TWO SOURCE IMAGES ARE FIRST DECOMPOSED USING THE DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM. COUPLES OF HIGH FREQUENCY DETAILS OF WAVELET COEFFICIENTS ARE THEN MERGED ACCORDING TO THE SALIENCE FEATURES. MEANWHILE THE GROSS APPROXIMATIONS OF THE IMAGES AT THE COARSEST RESOLUTION LEVEL ARE COMBINED TOGETHER ACCORDING TO THEIR SIMILARITY. THE FUSED IMAGE IS RECONSTRUCTED BY PERFORMING THE INVERSE WAVELET TRANSFORM FROM THE COMBINED COEFFICIENTS. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONFIRM THE ACCURACY AND ROBUSTNESS OF THE PROPOSED METHOD.

FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IS BY FAR ONE OF THE MOST STRIKING METHODS TO STUDY ON HUMAN BRAIN SPATIAL FUNCTIONALITY AND CONNECTIVITY. HOWEVER, IT SUFFERS FROM LOW SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO AND STATISTICALLY DIFFERENT NOISES. TWO DISTINCT APPROACHES CAN BE EXPLOITED FOR FMRI ANALYSIS. PARAMETRIC APPROACHES USE PRIORI KNOWLEDGE TO DISTINGUISH ACTIVE AND INACTIVE BRAIN VOXELS. NONPARAMETRIC APPROACHES EXTRACT STRUCTURE OF DATA EXPLORATORY. IT IS COMPLICATED TO EVALUATE EACH APPROACH.IN THIS PAPER WE COMPARE TWO FEATURE EXTRACTION METHODS OF FMRI ANALYSIS IN TIME- INVARIANT WAVELET DOMAIN AND SURVEY THEIR ABILITY TO DEAL WITH DIFFERENT EXCITATION PROFILES. THE PARAMETRIC METHOD EXPLOITS A PRIORI HEMODYNAMIC MODEL TO FIND THE BEST LINEAR COMBINATION FOR TIWT COEFFICIENTS AND DISTINGUISHES THE ACTIVE AND INACTIVE VOXELS. THE NONPARAMETRIC METHOD DISCOVERS EXISTING HIDDEN STRUCTURES OF DATA FOR DISCRIMINATING ACTIVE AND INACTIVE VOXELS BY USING THE BEST TIWT COEFFICIENT WHICH IS MORE SENSITIVE TO ACTIVATION.

THIS STUDY REPRESENTS THE USE OF A HOLLOW STEMMED HIP PROSTHESIS TO REDUCE THE STRESS CONCENTRATIONS AND MAINTAIN UNIFORMITY OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION OVER THE IMPLANT-CEMENT INTERFACE REGION. A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF A PROXIMAL FEMUR AND FEMORAL COMPONENT OF HIP IMPLANT WAS CONSTRUCTED. THE IMPLANT STEM WAS ASSUMED AS A HOLLOW CYLINDER IN WHICH DESIGN VARIABLES ARE LENGTH OF THE STEM, LENGTH OF THE CYLINDRICAL HOLE AND ITS RADIUS. RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD AND SENSITIVITY STUDY WERE COMBINED WITH FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE TO GENERATE UNIFORM STRESS DISTRIBUTION OVER THE INTERFACE REGION BY CHANGING THE DESIGN VARIABLES. OPTIMUM RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE LENGTH OF THE STEM HAS MAJOR IMPACT ON THE OPTIMIZATION OUTCOME WHILE THE LENGTH AND THE RADIUS OF THE INTERNAL CYLINDER HAS THE SECOND ROLE.

THE CRACK ANALYSIS IS DONE BY FRACTURE MECHANICS AND DEFINED WITH STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR (KC) THAT IS DETERMINANT OF MATERIAL STRENGTH IN CRACK GROWTH. THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES BONE INJURIES SIMULATED WITH MODELING OF LEFT FEMUR HUMAN BONE AND ALLOCATION OF CANCELLOUS AND CORTICAL PARTS AND ANALYZED BY FINITE ELEMENT WITH ANSYS SOFTWARE. VULNERABLE POINTS IN UNCONTROLLED STRESS ARE INDICATED BY DAMAGE ANALYSIS IN FEMUR AND ANALYSIS OF PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE. THEN INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRY BONE ON STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR ANALYZED WITH SIMULATION OF SURFACE CRACK, AND TREND OF STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR VARIETIES ANALYZED BY INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL AND GEOMETRICAL VARIABLES OF BONE AND CRACK GEOMETRY.

IN THIS PAPER, A NEW APPROACH NAMED FIXED POINT FOR THE INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS IS INTRODUCED AND ITS PERFORMANCE IN SEPARATION OF FMRI DATA FROM NOISE AND OTHER SIGNALS IS REVIEWED. FIRST, WE HAVE APPLIED THIS METHOD TO SOME FABRICATED SIGNALS IN ORDER TO BE ASSURED OF ITS CAPABILITY IN SEPARATION DIFFERENT COMBINED SIGNALS. THIS ALSO LEAD US TO A COMPARISON BETWEEN THIS METHOD AND OTHERS SUCH AS INFOMAX. THIS METHOD WAS THEN APPLIED TO A SET OF REAL FMRI SIGNALS OBTAINED THROUGH AN EXPERIMENT. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT THE FIXED POINT ALGORITHM CONVERGES MUCH FASTER THAN USUAL METHODS AND THAT IT ALSO IS CAPABLE OF RECONSTRUCTING A VARIETY OF SIGNALS WITHOUT ANY PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF HOW THE EXPERIMENT WAS CARRIED OUT.

ACOUSTIC VARIABILITY ACROSS SPEAKER IS ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF SPEAKER INDEPENDENT SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEMS. IN THIS PAPER AN INPUT ADAPTATION METHOD IS PROPOSED TO COMPENSATE THE EFFECT OF THIS VARIABILITY. THE MODEL USED HERE IS A TIME DELAY NEURAL NETWORK (TDNN). THE TDNN IS TRAINED BASED ON SPEAKERS IN TRAIN SET. AMONG THESE 71 SPEAKERS, THE BEST ONE (WITH HIGHEST PHONE RECOGNITION ACCURACY) IS SELECTED AS "REFERENCE SPEAKER". THEN USING BACK PROPAGATION ALGORITHM, ALL SPEECH SIGNALS IN TRAIN SET ARE ADAPTED TO FIT THIS SPEAKER'S SPEECH SIGNAL AND A NEURAL NETWORK IS TRAINED BASED ON ADAPTED DATA. TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRAINED NETWORK, TEST SIGNALS RELATED TO 30 SPEAKERS ARE ADAPTED TO REFERENCE SPEAKER, EXACTLY THE SAME AS TRAIN SPEAKERS. BY IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD AND COMBINING THE RESULTS OF ADAPTED AND UNADAPTED NETWORKS REGARDING MAXIMUM CONFIDENCE LEVEL, 2.6% IMPROVEMENT IS GAINED IN PHONE RECOGNITION ACCURACY.

FROM CLINICAL PRACTICE, IT IS KNOWN THAT THE CAROTID ARTERY BIFURCATION IS A ZONE WHICH IS SENSITIVE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LESIONS. IN THIS WORK THE COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION OF THE HEMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF NON-NEWTONIAN BLOOD FLOW IN THE 3D MODEL OF CAROTID ARTERY BIFURCATION USING CFD METHOD IS STUDIED. A CONSIDERABLE APPROACH TOWARD THE REALISTIC PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN A PRACTICAL GEOMETRY HAS BEEN MADE. IT IS OBSERVED THAT THE LESIONS MIGHT BE APPEARED AT THE APEX OF THE BIFURCATION JUNCTION AND REPRESENTS A RISK FACTOR BY MODIFICATION THE BLOOD FLOW PATTERN, FLOW SEPARATION, RECIRCULATION REGIONS AND WALL SHEAR STRESS GRADIENTS. ALSO THE OCCURRENCE OF ANEURYSMS AT THE APEX OF BIFURCATION, WHILE THE JUNCTION ANGLE INCREASES, IS PROBABLE.