SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:54 |Papers Count:12

The purpose of this study is to estimate the GDP of sport and review the evolution of its components during 1996-2015. In this regard, the existing models were first determined and finally a suitable model for estimating the volume of the sport of Iran's economy was introduced and then tested. Therefore, the present research is a fundamental research in terms of its purpose and is a type of documentary research in terms of data collection and statistics. Data have been collected from various resources, Household sport expenditure data from raw materials questionnaire of Statistics Center of Iran, current and development sport costs of the government from information in the Management and Planning Organization and the Ministry of Sports and Youth, export and import data of sporting goods from the Statistical calendar of Iran Custom, and Iran GDP data (current prices) and inflation rate from the Central Bank of Iran. The period of all data is from 1996 to 2015, and data analysis is also done by Excel 2013 software. The results show that the size of the sport economy in Iran has a small share of the country GDP and it has a downward trend, which is far from the estimates in the other countries of the world.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the definition of the marketing of color psychology on the architecture of physical and fitness clubs in Mashhad. The research method is a descriptive survey of which the required data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire from the research background (Morton, Chang velin, 2010) was used with 24 questions in the 5 Likert option spectrums. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and statistically significant (P ≤ 0. 05). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 5 factors had the ability to identify, and in total, 65. 04% of the marketing variance explained the psychology of color. Also, due to the explained contribution of variance for each of the factors, the mental factors, psychological sensation, detection power, penetration power and color personality were the highest priority respectively. According to the analysis of the findings, the importance of marketing and customer attraction for the clubs, in particular the consideration of the psychological principles of color indicates the need to recognize the factors that influence the design of spaces and sports facilities. This review could have a positive and different impact on customer acquisition in fitness and aerobics clubs. Understanding colors and paying attention to the impact on people can be a new way of marketing and attract customers and be particularly welcomed by customers. On the other hand, advertising and creating psychological attitudes can create a peripheral color with the relaxation or attractiveness of the corresponding sports field in that club.

The production of sporting goods inside of Iran and investment in the development of these products can contribute to the country's economy and solve problems such as unemployment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops on the country's gross domestic product during the years 1372 to 1392. Data and statistical information related to the GDP in the 21 years from the Central Bank site and the data related to industrial workshops on the production of sports goods were extracted from the results of surveys from industrial workshops of the country which published by the Statistics Centre of Iran during those years. Data analysis was performed using the 9th version of Eviows software using econometric method and ordinary least squares model. The results indicated that investing in sports goods manufacturing workshops had a negative and significant effect on the GDP of the country. Therefore, it seems that the state and private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops and the expansion of these production units through productivity and other scientific tools can lead to the development of the country's sports industry and the increase of the GDP of the whole country. Therefore, it seems that the state and private sector investment in sports goods manufacturing workshops and the expansion of these production units through productivity and other scientific tools can lead to the development of the country's sports industry and the increase of the GDP of the whole country.

Supply chain management involves management of the complete process of providing goods and services for the final consumer. Today, the competitive global environment and the need to increase market share have complicated the decision-making process for managers of sports clubs. As service providers, sports clubs supplying a wide range of quality services quickly and at a low cost require the implementation of supply chain management. Optimal supply chain management services at sports clubs can be used effectively to increase productivity, value creation and customer satisfaction, upgrade service, increase efficiency, effectiveness, and turnover, and promote goal orientation and agility in supply chain management in sports. The first and most important step in this regard is identifying relevant supply chain management indicators. The current study examined a sample population consisting of 80 managers of the sports clubs in Kurdistan Province, who were selected based on criterion sampling. The research tool was a 34-question supply chain management questionnaire based on the scale developed by Ellram et al. (2004). In order to analyze the data and rank the indices, a multi criteria decision-making method was used in conjunction with the FUZZY TOPSIS Solver 2013 statistical software. The most important indicators included customer satisfaction, sponsor attraction, and service delivery capability; least important was the evaluation of suppliers.

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of consumer innovativeness (emotion and cognitive) on shopping styles. This is a descriptive-survey and statistical society type of study. The participants were students of Razi University in Kermanshah. The statistical sample of the research was chosen according to the random-stratified sampling method. The field method was chosen for data collection. On the basis of optimal allocation, 325 questionnaires were distributed among the students and a total of 301 questionnaires were returned correctly and were chosen as the sample. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 15 experts in the field of sports management and their reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha. The value of the questionnaires such as the modernization questionnaire (α = 0. 84) and the shopping style questionnaire (α = 0. 80) were calculated. These values showed the reliability of the scales. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was done using the LISREL software. Finally, the results of the research showed that fitting of the model with the data was appropriate. Also, the coefficient of influence of the two factors of cognitive innovativeness on purchasing styles: "quality awareness (0. 63), cost awareness (0. 67) and confusion (0. 60)" and emotional innovativeness on purchasing styles, "fashion-oriented (0. 79), habit-oriented (0. 78), brand awareness (0. 76), inurement (0. 73), disorganization (0. 64) and entertainment (0. 63)" was meaningful. The results showed that innovativeness was effective on nine shopping styles. These findings enable sports marketers to adopt a more effective approach to targeting a particular group of users.

This qualitative research aims to formulate a model for sport organization's manager’ s competencies using systematic grounded theory. For this purpose, an open interview with 17 sport management experts and authorities was conducted with snowball sampling method and a series of initial categories were collected and extracted in coding process. In the caxial coding phase, the relations among these categories were determined in the form of coding paradigm as below: connection among causal conditions including productivity and administrative factors, the competency of sports managers, the phenomenon under study, included hard competency, soft competency, competitive competency, strategic factors included educational factors, control and evaluation, contextual conditions included official setting and behavioral settings, confounding conditions included motivational, environmental, and organizational factors and consequences including development and organizational recession of managers.; Then and in selective coding phase, all the components of coding paradigm were described and the theory was formulated and presented. Competency of sport organization's managers is a very fundamental issue and has different aspects. Moreover, competency is an endless issue, which should be updated continuously in organizations management.

The purpose of this study was to measuring the outcome of privatization of the sports facilities on various aspects of sport for all and championship sport in Kermanshah province. Methodology based on collecting data and purpose was respectively, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and applicable. The population was faculty members of the sports management, managers and staff of the Kermanshah Sports and Youth Department, heads of sports boards, sports elites and coaches. A Purposeful sampling was used. Finally, 150 people answered the questionnaires. The instrument was researcher-made questionnaire that developed using exploratory factor analysis, 67 items in eight outcomes, in the form of, “ lack of developmental and productivity programs in different aspect of sport” , “ unclear the rules and regulations in the process of assigning sports facilities” , “ Non-accountability of managers of sports and youth departments and heads of sports boards” , “ lack of management, planning and supervision” , “ negative moral, cultural and legal consequences” , “ Negative social and educational consequences” , ” lack of comprehensive support for various aspect of sport” and “ low sport capitation and lack of hardware facilities” were categorized. Instrument reliability using Cronbach's alpha for the eight components were between 0. 85 to 0. 93. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used for construct validity using LISREL software. The results of this study showed that all fitness indicators of the model related to the outcome of the privatization of sports facilities on the different dimensions of sport for all and championship sport in Kermanshah province were suitable and approved the model.

In recent years, women’ s taekwondo has grown dramatically in the country, and this increases the number of sports clubs and competition with other sport fields. Success in such space requires identification and consideration of customers’ expectations. The main purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the market demand for women’ s taekwondo clubs. The statistical population of this research includes all customers over 14 years of women’ s taekwondo clubs in Ahvaz. Using randomized cluster sampling method, 119 athletes were selected as the statistical sample. The research tool was a modified questionnaire for market demand dimensions Kim et al (2009). After verifying the validity of experts (n=9), reliability of the questionnaire was verified by Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, etc. ) and inferential statistics (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that seven factors of individual privilege, club equipment, club performance, trainer’ s knowledge, coach’ s behavior, familiarity with Korean culture and club atmosphere affect the demand of women’ s taekwondo clubs. Women’ s taekwondo clubs need to put the identified agents and components in this research in their work plan, so that they can help to survive and increase their market share, in an existing competitive environment.

Branding is an applicable strategy to be distinctive in different product and service industries. Nowadays companies and organization besides competing to get product and services market are trying to make customers mental perception close to theirs (product, brand, company). In this regard, one of the concepts in branding that helps organizations to this goal is brand personality which is known as a factor for analyzing costumers responds to the brand or products beneath the brand. So, the aim of this research is determination of Iran’ s football league organization brand personality using archetypes. To this extend, 14 subjective deep interviews conducted with experts and managers of football league organization till getting theoretical saturation. Research findings coding with content analyses approach and 191 codes was found affecting perception of brand personality. These codes categorized in 7 concepts including management and planning, human resources, organizational nature, personal manager attributes, communications, environment effects and clubs’ effects. Eventually, current brand personality of football league organization was found to be “ everyone” and suitable brand personality of football league organization was “ keeper” . According to the findings, operational alternatives was suggested to show the way due reach the best organization’ s brand personality.

The purpose of this study was study of effects of the Asian countries’ performance at major sport on their performance at Olympic Game. The population of all the Asian countries in the Olympic Games medals have been won at previous four periods that samples were selected equal 69. Information was collected from websites of sports international federations, Olympic Asia Councils and international Olympic committee. Also, for analyzing used descriptive, inferential statistics and path analysis. The results showed that there is positive and significantly relationship between the number of Medals of gold, silver, bronze and total medals won by Asian countries at world championships, Asian Games and previous Olympic Games with number of Medals of gold, silver, bronze and total medals won at upcoming Olympic Games. Also, the results showed that there is significantly effects about total medals won in previous Olympic Games (r=0. 459, P=1. 98) and world championships (r=0. 485, P=2. 19) on medals won in the next Olympic Games, however, total medals won in Asian Games has not significantly effects on medals won of the next Olympic Games. Moreover, there are significantly affects about total medals won in previous Olympic Games on medals won in the world championships (r=0. 963, P=44. 34) and Asian Games (r=0. 577, P=3. 05). Overall, it seems that sports performance indicators in previous events can be used to better predict their performance in the Olympic Games.

The purpose of the present study is to define and implement the combined model of BSC-DEA in the sport boards’ performance evaluation and ranking. The study extent was limited to the active sport boards in Isfahan in 2017. Twelve of these boards were selected as the study sample based on the formula, DMUs ≥ 3×(input + output). To determine the indices, some interviews have been conducted with the experts. Accordingly, 19 total indices were compiled and given to 20 research experts in this field in the form of a questionnaire in two parts. In the first part, the indices were determined in 4 prospects of balanced scorecards and in the second part, they were designed in a 5-scale phase spectrum to clarify the importance of each index. Those indices present in the processes of the internal prospective, growth, and learning, were regarded as the empowerments (model`s input), determined indices and customer and financial prospects as the results (model`s output). Instrument validity was carried out based on the agreement with Lawshe`s model. After implementing BSC-DEA model, taekwondo, karate, chess, track and field boards respectively received the highest rank based on their effectiveness. Paralleled evaluation as well as maintenance of the balance between BSC prospect, the linear model, having a holistic view, model flexibility, and high separation ability were the proposed model`s benefits; therefore, according to these preferences, the use of the mentioned process can be efficient in performance evaluation and ranking of the sport boards.

The purpose of this study was codification of strategic planning for the Sports and Youth Offices of Tehran province and presentation of a model for implementing strategies using the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach. This was qualitative research in the field of strategic studies. The methods used to collect data were the case study, the Delphi method and the focal group. The statistical population consisted of the directors and deputies of the Sports and Youth Offices of Tehran province and the Physical Education Offices, sport and elite experts and 14 members of the Strategic Sport Council. The results of this research showed that the Sports and Youth Offices of Tehran province is implementing an aggressive strategy and that the internal and external environment of the organization is relatively good. Other results of this research showed that these offices worked from four perspectives: finance, customers, internal processes and growth of learning. It had 11 strategies, 27 strategy objectives, 112 measurements and 112 initiatives. By determining the initiatives and actions necessary to achieve their strategies, presenting a strategic plan, determining casual relationships between landscapes and bridging the gap between codification and implementation of strategies, it has beens possible for the Sports and Youth Offices of Tehran province to achieve its vision and goals.