JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2020 | Volume:19 | Issue:88 |Papers Count:17

Background: There is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurofeedback and drug therapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. But can working memory training affect these children's attention? Aims: The efficacy of working memory training was to increase the attention of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Method: This study was a quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all male students in the third grade of primary school who referred to the belief center. Forty third grade male students were voluntarily recruited from the faith center as a sample. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control (20 persons). Data were analyzed using t-student tests. Research tools are: Clinical Interview: (Lazak, 2004). SNAP-IV Grading Scale, Swanson (1980) Conners Parent Questionnaire (Revised Form) (1999) Working Memory Training Software (Khodadadi, 2014). Results: Working memory training significantly increased the attention of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (P<0/001). Conclusions: Working memory training increased the attention of children with attention deficit disorder.

Background: The lifestyle of career couple is increasing despite the positive and negative aspects. The key question is, how are the lived experiences of career couples about marital satisfaction and conflict? Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of career couples from satisfaction and marital conflicts. Method: This study was conducted with qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method in Nourabad (Lorestan) in 2019. Research samples were selected by using 12 career couples (with Couple acknowledging to satisfaction and score higher than 161 in ENRICH questionnaire) using snowball sampling and 12 career couples with marital conflict (with couple acknowledgment to conflict and acquisition the score of 187 or higher on the MCQ questionnaire) reached the saturation level by purposeful sampling. The semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were analyzed using the Dickman, Allen, and Turner method, which is team-based and is common in interpretive phenomenology. Results: Analyzing participants' experiences led to the identification of two main themes of Master career couples with sub-themes of efficient marital map and couple positive features and unmaster career couples with sub-themes of inefficient marital map and Couple negative features. Conclusions: The results showed that what separates these two is not lack of marital conflicts but planning and prioritization, how to deal with conflicts, fair perception Among the distributions is financial and occupational care of the spouse and adaptation. The results of this qualitative study showed that what separates these two is not lack of marital conflicts but planning and prioritization, how to deal with conflicts, fair perception Among the distributions is financial and occupational care of the spouse and adaptation. The results can provide the basis for developing preventive programs and therapeutic models for those seeking entry into this lifestyle and reducing marital conflicts in these couples.

Background: Teaching problem-solving skills and parental self-efficacy enable the parents to deal effectively and logically with problematic behaviors of a child in different situations. However this is, can your child's law-abiding and thoughtful educational program make it possible for you? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Thinking Child Program on problem solving and parenting selfefficacy. Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design without control group. The sample of this study was parents of children aged 4 to 7 years old of non profit schools in Tehran in 97-98 academic year, who were selected by available sampling method for participating in the “ Thinking Child Program” workshops. The research tools were Hepner-Petersen Problem-Solving Questionnaire(1982) and Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire(1996). The intervention program was organized as a workshop in 9 sessions, one session of two hours per week. Results: The findings of the present study showed that after the implementation of the “ Thinking Child Program” , the mean scores of problem-solving (in problem-solving components, problem-solving confidence, approach-avoidance style, and personal control) in mothers indicated an increase in their post-test scores (P=0/0001). In addition, the mean scores of parenting self-efficacy in pre-test and post-test of mothers indicate a significant increase in post-test scores (P= 0/01). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that teaching “ Thinking Child Program” could change problem solving and self-efficacy of mothers at a significant level after the program intervention. Based on the increase in scores, it can be concluded that mothers' training had a positive effect on choosing appropriate behaviors and solutions.

Background: Research has been done on the relationship between emotion avoidance, physical well-being, body image dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression and stress, but the comparison of these variables with each other has been neglected. So the question is: Is there a difference between avoidance of experience, physical well-being, body image dissatisfaction, anxiety, depression and stress in cosmetic surgery applicants and non-cosmetic applicants? depression and stress among applicants and non-applicants of cosmetic surgery in Iran. Methot: The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study consisted of cosmetic surgery applicants referring to cosmetic clinics in district one and six of Shiraz municipality during the second 6 months of 2018 and students of Shiraz University (age range of 18-57 years). The sample of this study consisted of 200 individuals, including 100 applicants and 100 non-applicants, who were selected by non-random and convenience sampling method from among those who were eligible for the study The tools are: Littleton, Axom & Perry (2005), Body Image Fear Questionnaire, Behavioral Brown & Ryan Questionnaire (2003), Bond Acceptance and Commitment Questionnaire, Hayes & Zettel (2011) and Lovebond Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (1995). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Results: There was a significant difference between the applicants for cosmetic surgery and the non-applicants for the variables under study (P< 0/001). Conclusions: It can be stated that dissatisfaction with body image, experiential avoidance, depression, anxiety and stress, as well as low level of hygiene can lead to increased cosmetic surgery.

Background: Numerous studies have predicted life satisfaction, but life satisfaction prediction based on early maladaptive schemas and lifestyles has been neglected. Aims: The purpose of this study was to predict life satisfaction based on early maladaptive schemas and lifestyle in nurses. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study was all nurses of Imam Khomeini and Mostafavi hospitals in Tehran in 1997-98. 150 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. The tools of the study are: The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-Les-QSF) of Indic et al. (1), the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and the Milwaukee Lifestyle Questionnaire (2001). The Pearson correlation coefficient was performed step by step. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between life satisfaction and lifestyle (p<0/001) and there was a significant relationship between life satisfaction and early maladaptive schemas (p<0/001). Conclusions: Early maladaptive schemas and lifestyle predicted life satisfaction.

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome can influence the patients’ cognitive, emotional and psychological processes in addition to the physical problems that appropriate psychological therapies should be applied to decrease these damages. But can dialectic behavior therapy lead to the improvement of pain self-efficacy and decrease of experiential avoidance in the mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Aims: therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of dialectic behavior therapy on pain self-efficacy and experiential avoidance in the mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Method: it was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest with control group. The statistical population of the current study was the mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome referring to circulatory specialists in the city of Zanjan in the second quarter of 2019. 30 mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome were selected through available sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15). The experimental group received dialectic behavior therapy intervention (Linhan, 2004) during two-and-a-half months in ten seventy-five-minute sessions. The applied questionnaires in this study included pain self-efficacy (Nicolas, 1989) and experiential avoidance (Bond et. al., 2011). The data from the study were analyzed through MANCOVA method. Results: the results showed that the dialectic behavior therapy has significant effect on pain self-efficacy and experiential avoidance in the mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (p<0/001). Conclusions: according to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that the dialectic behavior therapy can be used as an efficient method to improve pain self-efficacy and decrease of experiential avoidance in the mothers with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Academic stress is the most common emotional or mental state that students experience during their education. In this context, What role can personality dimensions and spiritual intelligence play in level of the students' academic stress? Aims: Given the importance of recognizing the determinant and influencing variables on students 'academic stress, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between hexaco personality dimensions and students' academic stress. Method: This research was an exploratory research of correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all third year high school students of Ardebil city in the academic year 2018-2019. From this community, 240 people were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Research tools included Academic Stress Inventory (Ang & Huan, 2006), Hexaco Personality Inventory (Lee & Ashton, 2004), and Spiritual Intelligence Scale (King, 2008). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and adjusted multivariate regression analysis. Results: The results of adjusted regression analysis showed that spiritual intelligence had a moderating role on the relationship between all hexaco personality dimensions, except for honesty-humility and extraversion, with students' academic stress (p<0/001). In other words, with the increase in spiritual intelligence, the relationship between hexaco personality dimensions and students' academic stress becomes weaker. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, spiritual intelligence by moderating the relationship between hexaco personality dimensions and students' academic stress can reduce the occurrence of these types of stresses due to personality dimensions.

Background: The educational, educational, and rehabilitative difficulties of children with intellectual disabilities have caused their parents numerous difficulties and obstacles. Mothers of these children have more time to develop and empower their children because of their stronger emotional bond and a stronger role in their child's education and education. They are dedicated to meeting their needs, so they are more vulnerable to physical and mental problems. Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a group education program to promote spirituality and its psychological consequences for mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Method: The study was a pretest-posttest with control group. 36 mothers were selected by random sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools include Parsian & Dunning (2009) Spirituality Scale, Enrich Fowler & Olson Marital Satisfaction Scale (1989), and researcher-made spirituality group training (2019). Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis of variance. Results: The educational program had significant effect on overall spirituality (P<0/05). There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the overall dimensions of marital satisfaction in the post-test and followup stages (P<0/05). Conclusions: Spiritual intervention can be used to increase the marital satisfaction of mothers with mentally retarded children.

Background: Marital conflicts impose tensions and stress on couples that have devastating effects on their marital satisfaction. Research shows that documentary re-education affects a variety of variables, but its effect on marital conflict and marital satisfaction remains unclear. But the key question is: Is documentary re-training effective in resolving marital conflict and enhancing the marital satisfaction of divorce applicants? Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and sustainability of documentary retraining in marital conflict resolution and increasing marital satisfaction of divorced couples. Method: This study was a quasiexperimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of couples seeking divorce who were referred to the city counseling centers in the city of Gonbadkavus in 1396 in order to reduce conflict and prevent divorce and to make compromises. Controls (15 couples) were randomly replaced. The research tools are: Secondary Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2009), Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (2011) and Intervention Program including Steinart & Daliber's Documentary Training (2008). Data were analyzed using covariance test. Results: The documentary retraining program had an effect on marital conflict resolution as well as increasing marital satisfaction of divorced couples (P<0/001). The results of the follow-up test also showed that the retraining was also significant at the follow-up stage (P<0/001). Conclusions: Documentary retraining method can be used to reduce marital conflicts and increase marital satisfaction.

Background: Many studies have investigated the effect of spiritual intelligence on various psychological variables, but research on the impact of spiritual intelligence on spiritual intelligence, psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and depression remains largely ignored. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on Bowl spiritual intelligence promotion on spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression in students. Method: It was a quasi-experimental type. The statistical population of this study was Isfahan University students, 40 of whom were selected as available sample in 1977 and were randomly assigned to education or control group. Research tools include the Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (2002), Anxiety (1993) and Beck Depression Inventory (1996), and King's Spiritual Intelligence (2008), and Bowl's Spiritual Intelligence Training (2004). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Bowl spiritual intelligence training in the educational group improved spiritual intelligence (P<0/001), reduced anxiety (P<0/05), decreased depression (P<0/001) but had a significant effect on psychological well-being (P<0/001). Did not have (P<0/001). Conclusions: Spiritual intelligence training improved spiritual intelligence and reduced anxiety and depression in students.

Background: Many adolescent girls face issues such as depression, loneliness and body image, which sometimes impede the development of normal emotional and psychological development in the form of mental and acute disorders. But the key question is, does aerobic activity affect depression, loneliness, and body image in adolescent girls? Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on depression, loneliness and body image in adolescent female students. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of eighth grade female high school students in district 8 of Tehran. 70 students were selected by cluster sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (n= 35). Research tools include Aerobic Activity Session Implementation Protocol (Pour vagar & Bahram, 2014), Depression Questionnaire (Beck, 1963), Di Tomaso & Spinner Adult Short Socio-Emotional Loneliness Questionnaire, and Body Image Concerns Questionnaire. (Halling et al., 2007). Results: Aerobic exercise had a significant effect on depression and loneliness but had no effect on body image (P<0/001). Conclusions: Aerobic activity improved depression and loneliness in adolescent girls.

Background: Feeling lonely can cause depression in the elderly. But the key question is, does therapeutic well-being affect the feeling of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly people with nonclinical depression? Aims: The efficacy of therapeutic well-being was on the feeling of loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation in elderly patients with non-clinical depression. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all elderly (male and female) aged 65 to 85 years living in Nashat nursing home in Mashhad. Thirty individuals were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. Research instruments included Russell's Loneliness Questionnaire (1996), Garnefsky's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Craig & Spinhaun's (2001), Yasavig's Elderly Depression Questionnaire (1993), and the eight-session Therapeutic Well-being Protocol (Cook Ern & Clich 2017). Results were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that well-being therapy had a significant effect on loneliness and cognitive emotion regulation (P<0/05). Conclusions: Wealth therapy and well-being can be used to reduce loneliness and improve cognitive emotion regulation in the elderly.

Background: Many studies have shown that spatial abilities are associated with academic achievement and that childhood spatial activity predicts this ability in adulthood. But the key question is, what is the performance and speed of mental rotation in boys and girls of different grades? Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution of students' mental rotation. Method: This was a descriptive study. The statistical population consisted of Abik elementary and high school students in the academic year 2016-2017, who were selected by cluster random sampling method (400 male students (203 boys and 197 girls). Research tools include: Gannis & Kuwait Mental Rotation Computer Test (2015). Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: The results showed that the ability of children's mental rotation in the first to eleventh grades was significant (p= 0/000). In both tests, male students were better than female students (p= 0/001) performance and(p= 0/008 speed of action). The pattern of mental rotation showed greater differentiation of fourth-to sixth-grade students, but the rate of deceleration from first to sixth graders and then higher speeds were higher in practice. Conclusions: The model of mental rotation transformation can be an appropriate context for targeted educational programs.