TRANSLATION STUDIES
Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:11

This bipartite paper examines the translator's presence in the translated narrative texts through shifts as proposed by Leuven-Zwart. First, the related literature is reviewed. Then, the concept of shifts is mentioned through references to Catford and Vinay and Darbelnet to Zwart. Having compared and contrasted Don Quixote s German translation, Zwart proposes two models for the analysis of both SL and TL; namely, comparative and descriptive models. The former compares the items of SL and TL from microstructure level. Having taken transeme as the smallest meaningful unit for comparative model, Zwart finds a common field between transemes of both SL and TL that she calls it architranseme. Having both transeme and architranseme of both SL and TL in the mind, she finds a tetra relational shift: non-shift; modulation; modification and mutation. In part two, these shifts are analyzed through references to some translated literary text; Golestan, to the Lighthouse, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, among others. It is probable, as a conclusion, that any shift in the micro- structure of narrative text would have effects on the macro-structure of the translated narrative texts of which it is mentioned in descriptive model upon which it is focused later.

Translation of political texts forms one of the basic types of activities in the mass media. In addition to all necessarycharacteristics, translator of these texts should also be an expert in political science and have a good knowledge of history, famous speechesand quotations. He should know the writers/translators of the original text and their institutes' political inclinations. There are techniquesand devices prevalent in mass media by which they suppress, dilute or promote the importance of events in a way to become in line with their benefits. The translator of political texts should be familiar with these techniques and devices and while translating for his institute should try to somehow discern the tricks and find out the facts and picture them in line with his commissioners' benefits. Some of these techniques such as special lexical adjustments, reorganization, causal emplotment and selectiveappropriation are discussedin this paper.

Style is a choice determined by the purpose of the text and the intentionsof the author. Rendering a translation which is a true reproduction of the style of the source text requires observing the writing style of the original author, one aspect of which is achieved through the translation of neologisms. Emergence of new words in the stream of lexical items is a dominant feature of the literary genre, where such invented words convey remarkable implied meanings to the reader. Thisarticle intends to investigate the issue that how Persian translators adopt similar procedures for dealing with neologisms in two novels: one with an adult audience written by George ". Orwell (1949), i.e. Nineteen Eighty Four, and the other written by J. K. Rowling (20031 for child readers, i.e. Harry Potter and the Order of phoenix. The resultswill focus on examining and classifyingthe procedures applied by Persian translators of the two novels using Newmark's (19881 framework, and comparing the procedures adopted across the two fiction types.

Translation of books is one of the most important forms of cultural creation and reproduction and deserves a considerable concern of different disciplines in humanities. However, translation has often been approached by those text-oriented disciplines whose main concerns are translatability, correctness, equivalence, hermeneutics and the systems of meaning transmission between languages. This article goes beyond the boundaries of the text - based on synthesizing translation studies, sociology of culture and sociology of science - attempting to understand the translation as a social action dealing with cultural consumption and activity, sociopolitical resistance, and competition in the field of science and shows the boundaries of a sociological study of translation. It can be called Ita schematic of sociology of translation" considering the lack of such an approach in Iranian sociology.

Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi, is the performing stage for the Iranian nation and shows the mythological and recorded history of thousand years. It recounts the life story of the neighbours of Iran in order to recount the life story of Iranian nation. The transactions between Iran and its neighbours (mostly Tourani [speaking Turkishand Chinese], Roman and Arab) reveal the need for translation. The 'present paper traces the presence of translation and translator in Shahnameh. 15 cases of the presence of the translator were found. The translator’s mostly appeared in the baffles and translated Turkish into Persian, Latin into Persiap, Persian into latin and Arabic into Persian. Translators also appeared for peace contractions in two cases; in one case, the presence of the translator was for proposing marriage in order to improve the relationship between Iran and Rome.

This study was an attempt to chart the strategies used in dubbing some challenging signifying codes in cartoons translated from English into Persian. Upon comparative analysis of the corpus, seven strategies were detected to be operating in the course of dubbing cartoons. They can be referred to as expansion, paraphrase, transfer, dislocation, decimation, repetition and deletion. Further analysis of the corpus indicated that synchronization norm, including lip synchrony, isochrony, kinetic synchrony and character synchrony, among the many, played a prominent role in guiding translators' decisions concerning the appropriate strategy to use.

Nowadays, translation has established its prominent position among the significant branches of Humanities and its effects and significance in the culture and reflection of the nations have been widely recognized. At the same time, literature has put emphasis on importance of the needs and concerns posed by scholars involved in translation, especially translation instructors. The present study is an attempt to pinpoint current issues in teaching translation and suggestionsproposed by the instructorsto improve both quantitative and qualitative aspects of teaching translation in the universities.

There is no doubt that translation has entered the Arabic language from other languages, and has played an important role in the history of Arabic literature not only in the literary movement era that Egyptians observed during the time of Mohammad Ali Pasha, but also by the establishment of Abbasid dynasty which provided a group for translation from neighbouring cultures into Muslim countries. The early attempts of translation, development of books and writings then started in the Omavid era.