Year:2009 | Volume:21 | Issue:4 (81 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:32

Hand woven carpet is washed with chemicals to increase luster and soften colors. Three different concentrations of Alkali (2, 5, 10)%, sodium hydro sulphite (0.25, 1)% and 1% calcium hypochlorite were used for testing woolen yarn dyed with madder previously. The yarn count, lightness, strength and elongation, were measured. Results showed that increasing Alkali concentration increases yarn lightness. Also, the effects of sodium hydro sulphite on Alkaline treated samples increases more significantly (p<0.05) lightness and the damage increases with calcium hypochlorite solution.The effect of these chemicals is to decrease yarn count, strength and elongation to some extent. Therefore, the washing process should be on hard supervision to prevent damage to the pile yarn because the type of chemicals and concentrations lead to fiber damage during wet processing.

At present study, effects of secondary sexual characteristics on biological characters of seminal fluid were investigated.In this study fishes on head tubercles divided to 3 treatments (1: less than 110, 2: 110 -135 and 3: more than 135).Sperm duration, spermatozoa motility (%) and K+ of seminal plasma in 3 treatments were significant (p<0.01) but other spermatological and biochemical parameters between treatments were not significant (p>0.05). The correlation between head tubercles K+ of seminal plasma and sperm movement parameters were positive and significant (p<0.01) and with spermatocrit and sperm volume positive correlation and with pH of seminal plasma were negative correlation significant (p<0.05). Also between body tubercles with pH of seminal plasma was positive correlation significant (p<0.05). But between body tubercles with other spermatological and biochemical parameters of seminal fluid and between head tubercles with Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, glucose, total protein and cholesterol of seminal plasma were not significant (p>0.05).

This project focused on the new method of reproducing of fish which is named sail fin molly (Poecilia latipinna).Photoperiodic and sexual ratio effects on reproduction of this fish were studied. Fishes were put in aquariums with a specific sex ratio that includes: 1: 1 (F: M), 1: 2 (F: M), 1: 3 (F: M), 2: 1 (F: M), 3: 1 (F: M) and the second test that was related to photoperiod with 3 period of lightness, includes: 10: 14 (L: D), 12: 12 (L: D) and 14: 10 (L: D). The results of reproduction that involves suitable time for maturity, fry number, survives percentage in juveniles were examined.The result of this project showed increasing the number of female fishes, fry and maturity and survives in juveniles decreased. If there are healthy conditions in aquarium about photoperiodic test with increasing the lightness time, fry number and survives percentage in juveniles will be risen. Suitable time for reproduction decreased.

In this study, oogenesis of Liza abu was investigated based on the morphological and histological characteristics. One hundred and fifty female specimen of this species were examined during six month from February 2006 to July 2007.Tissue samples from ovaries were prepared through histological method and studied with light microscope. The result indicated that gonads consist of a bilobate and hallow sac and there isn’t any significant difference between the size of ovary lobes but the left is a bit longer. In this study, 6 oogenesis stages was observed. In stage I, oocytes are small.In stage II, considerable growth was observed in oocytes. In stage III, due to vitellogenesis, the maximum growth is observed and three layers theca, granullosa, follicle cells are visible. In stage IV, migration of germinal vesicle is observed and due to hydration of oocytes, their diameter is increased. The ovaries are yellowish and in maximum size and ovules can be easily observed with naked-eyes. In stage V, spawning occures. In stage VI, ovaries consist of immature and atretic oocytes and also empty follicles. Based on this study, stage III was observed in February, stage IV was observed in March and April, Stage V was observed in May and during June and July immature oocytes of stages I and II were observed. In March, the gonads were reached to maximum volume.

In order to demine chemical composition and metabolizable energy of waste of spaghetti, pasta, biscuit, crisp, chickpea pre-cleaning and chickpea screening plants, first classified random sampling from 10% of plants was performed. Then amount of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NDF, ADF, and grss energy were measured according to AOAC (1990) procedures. The amount of crude protein for biscuit, crisp, soup pasta, spagetti, rice pasta, chickpea pre-cleaning and chickpea screening were, 9, 9.2, 14.1, 12.7, 14.5, 30.2, and 30 percent, respectively. The wastes of spaghetti, soup pasta, rice pasta, crisp, biscuit, pre-cleaning chickpea, and chickpea screening were mixed on the ratio of 15% to 85% basal diet. Then, in order to determine metabolizable energy (AME, AMEN, TME, TMEN) of waste, 30 grams of mixed feed were force-fed to 4 adult Leghorn-type roosters, according to the method described by Sibbald.Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between AMEN of wastes. The amount of AMEN for biscuit, crisp, soup pasta, spagetti, rice pasta, chickpea pre-cleaning and chickpea screening were, 4008, 3882, 3878, 3535, 3334, 2678, and 2469 kcal/kg respectively. The amount of TMEN for biscuit, crisp, soup pasta, spagetti, rice pasta, chickpea pre-cleaning and chickpea screening were, 4112, 3987, 3982, 3639, 3438, 2781, and 2573kcal/kg respectively.

Sarcocystis is one of the most prevalent protozoal infections among domesticated animals in the world. In the present work, sarcocystis infection in slaughtered goats by four techniques was investigated. In the first step, 400 goats slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse were selected randomly during a year. Then their esophagus, thigh muscles, shoulder muscles, diaphragm and heart were inspected using necked eye examination. In the second step, the infection was investigated in the meats of 150 carcasses by three techniques of, smear with or without staining and pepsin digestion. The percentage of infection of macroscopic cysts were 1.25%, 0.25%, 0.75% 1.75%, and 0% for each muscle of esophagus, thigh muscles, shoulder muscles, diaphragm and heart of cattle respectively. Meanwhile the microscopic type found in 100% of each of the above mentioned muscles. In general, the pepsin digestion is found the most sensitive method for diagnosis of sarcocystis in the meats of goats. Although 1.75% of goats were found infected with sarcocystis in routine meat inspection but 100% of the animals were found infected with the microscopic cysts.

Highy virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) emerged in Iran in 1991, devasting Iranian poultry industry. In the present study, molecular characterization of recent Iranian IBD viruses prevalent in the country was carried out. Total 13 IBDV isolates collected from different parts of the country, mostly with the history of high mortality during 2002 to 2003 were used. Highly sensitive techinqe of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) could detect virus in clinical samples. The 643 bp PCR products generated by amplification of VP2 gene variable region were confirmed by their size in Agarose gel and nested-PCR technique. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis of VP2 gene variable region, comprising major virus neutralizing epitopes, revealed Iranian field isolates to be similar to each other and highly virulent IBDV isolates repoted from Europe and Japan. Howerer, most of these viruses could be differentiated from each other at nucleotid level. Out of total nucleotid changes found in Iranian field isolaters four resulted in amino acid changes at positions 222 (P to A), 256 (V to I), 294 (Lto I) and 299 (N to S). Serin rich heptapeptide sequence “SWSASGS” reported to be conserved in pathogenic strains of IBDV was also conserved in Iranian field isolates. None of the field isolates was found to be an antigenically variant or atypical highly virulent IBDV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Iraian field isolates originated from the same sourece as that of European and Japanese highly virulent IBDV isolates.

In recent years the importance of rotifers as live food in aquaculture for rearing larval fish and crustaceans has been emphasized.The nutritional value and density of rotifers are important factors in nutrition of fish larval. In this study, effects of 3 concentration of green algae Chlorella sp. (0.1x106, 1x106 and 10x106 cell/ml) on growth and fatty acid composition on laboratory condition was investigated. Rotifers were cultured with primary density 30 ind. /ml. and EPA medium in 1l balloons at standard method conditions. At different treatments experimented concentrations had significant effect on rotifers growth using experiment period (10 days) (p<0.05). Maximum rotifer density at 0.1x106, 1x106 and 10x106 cell/ml concentrations reached 108±8, 489±47 and 493±51ind./ml after 5 days respectively. At concentrations 0.1x106 and 1x106, density was decreasing from day 6 to last day of experiment. At concentration 10x106cell/ml, maximum density was attained in the last day. Mean growth rate at mentioned concentrations was 0.18, 0.42 and 51 per day respectively. Rotifers fed different concentration of Chlorella had high amount of linoleic acid (16.74, 16.24 and 17.39%, respectively) and linonenic acid (11.92, 15.14 and 19.66%, respectively). With increasing of algae density, the profiles of fatty acid rotifers fed 3 concentration of Chlorella sp. showed increasing of highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) and n-3 fatty acid and decreasing of saturated fatty acid (SFA). Results showed that this species has a suitable rate of growth and nutrition value in comparison with other species of Brachionus genus and when high density of rotifer is expected, we can reach this density with preparing mentioned nutritional densities.

Oleander is originally a Mediterranean and Asian plant that is widely distributed in the world. Oleander has long been known to be poisonous to animal and human. All part of the plant either fresh or dried are toxic and contain cardiac glycosides. A tow years old horse was referred to the veterinary medical teaching and research hospital of Tehran university with a history of weakness and anorexia. The clinical signs included: Increased intensity of the heart sounds and electrocardiography showed sign of ventricular tachycardia. The next day, the arrhythmia changed into the bradycardia and ventricular escape rhythm. Postmortem histopathological findings showed: Necrosis and degeneration of myocardium. The access the animal to oleander and consumption of the plant was approved after investigation of the place that the horse was kept.

Vegetative protein sources have an important role on reducing cost of diet. Use of these sources have also different metabolic effects. A 56 days feeding trial was conducted with rainbow trout to examine the effects of substitution of canola meal (containing 12.5mmol Glucosinolate/g DM) with fishmeal in diets. Canola meal was substituted by fishmeal at 5 levels 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 percentage. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups in a completely randomized design with a control diet. Two hundred and sixteen fishes with average weight 100±15g were used in this trial. Twelve fishes were randomly assigned to each of 18 plastic tanks and were acclimated in these plastic tanks to the experimental conditions two weeks before treatment began. After 56 days from each diet, 9 fishes were chosen, stunned and bled. Cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VLDL were measured after sorting of plasma. This substitution caused significant differences in all criteria measured with control diet (p<0.05). With increase of substituted level, quantity of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low and very low density of lipoproteins decreased significantly (p<0.05) and quantity of high density of lipoprotein, specific growth rate (with exception of diets of 30, 40 and 50 percent), body weight index (with exception of diets of 10 and 20 percent) and final body weight (with exception of diets of 10 and 20 percent) increased significantly (p<0.05) with control diet. These results showed that replacement of fish meal to level of 50 percent by canola meal, based on studies of fish blood serum and growth, is feasible.

In this research, the effect of washing of common carp flesh, pre and post mincing were studied, and results of their effect on some quality factors were investigated. The results showed that two treatments (mincing and then washing) and (washing fillets and then mincing) had significant differences on measured factors. The moisture of surimi (minced meat and washed) was 81.9% (p<0.05). The amount of protein of surimi was 96.33% and another treatment was 67.4% that were significantly changes (p<0.05). Water holding capacity of Surimi was 49% and WHC another treatment was about 7% (p<0.05). Minced meat of washed fillet showed higher total volatile nitrogen (p<0.05). Gel assessment and also sensory assessment such as color, odor and flavor were determined. The produced gel of both type of treatments had good quality and it enjoyed the highest quality.

Mumps is one of the acute, contagious and systematic infection that parotitis is one of the typical symptoms. Sometimes meningitis and encephalitis cause death. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of this infection is very important and it can be prevented the inacurate treatments. In this research the mumps antigen (hemagglutinin) prepared with ideal quality. It is suitable for using in diagnosis of disease by HI test that is one of the accurate, rapid and cheapest laboratory techniques.After preparation of three kinds of cell cultures, they were inoculated by S#12 native strain virus. After observation the cytopathic effect (CPE), the cultures were freez- thawed for several times. The virus titer was measured and it increased with adding the twine-ether. In order to long storage, the antigen was lyophilized. The reproducibility of prepared antigen and also its sensitivity, specificity were 100%, 93.7% and 100% respectively that are very suitable compared with several kinds of imported antigens, that most of them prepared in embryonated hen’s egg, so they eggs proteins cause nonspecific reaction.

This research carried out during March 2005 to February 2006 in two areas of Babolsar and Amirabad (East southern part of Caspian Sea) population dynamics parameters and biological characteristics were investigated on Common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia). Common kilka had frequency over 86 percent of total catch. The mean of fork length, weight and age of common kilka were 93.8±11.8 mm, 7.1±2.1 g, 3.9±1 year respectively Age structure had 6+classes (1+- 6+). Age classes of 4 years were dominated in catch with frequency 35.3 percent.The Von- Bertalanfis growth parameters (L ∞, k, t0) based on length and age data were stimated as: L¥=114.92 mmk=0.339 per year, t0=-1.878Lt=114.92 [1-e0.339 (t+1.878)]The total mortality (Z), Natural (M) and Fishing (F) mortality coefficients were 0.84 year, 0.41 and 0.44 respectively .The exploitation ratio (E) was calculated as 0.51.

Sediments as final destination of pollutants in aquatic environments have a significant role in accumulation of toxic residues and other pollutants (especially presistent organic pollutants) in benthic invertebrates and benthos populations or organisms living on benthos and therefore in transferring pollutions to upper levels in food chains. This study was conducted during Summer of 2006 in order to analyze levels of sedimentary D.D.T levels in a part of Sefid Rood River (between Tarik dam and kiashahr estuary) which is one of the most important rivers in southern Caspian Sea basin. Along this 82 kilometer reach of the river we selected 22 sampling stations and totally 66 samples were taken from these stations. three samples from each station were taken (sides and middle of river at each station) and these three samples were pooled to obtain just one sample for each station. After drying and sieving with a 0.063 mm screen, samples were analyzed according standard methods. In order to measure D.D.T amount, after extracting the samples with organic solvent and after its purification, we measured D.D.T levels using GC machine with ECD detector. Obtained results were compared with EPA standards. The results show that D.D.T levels in 9 of 22 stations are more than international standards and therefore it can have some risks for human and environmental health.

Nowadays, poultry industries play an important role in providing essential protein for world population. Among factors which are harmful for poultry products, there are entrobacteria especially salmonella spp. Salmonella is the major source of infection for human food and it is a very potent pathogen in human. One of the most routes of infection in human by salmonella occurred via using uncooked poultry eggs and meat. Eggs can be contaminated by salmonella through hen’s ovary, contamination of egg shell with feces and also through environment. Thus, laying hens are the important source of salmonella. There are different methods for isolation of salmonella: conventional culture methods, serological examinations and molecular methods. This study was performed in a Native Poultry Breeding and Improvement Center.Different samples were used from different divisions of the center including hen houses, breeding house, chicken house and also eggs. Contamination rate in four hen houses was 1.64% and in eggs shell and eggs yolk was 1.92%. Breeding house and chicken house were free from salmonella. In general, seven samples were contaminated with salmonella. All of these isolated salmonella belong to serogroup D. Identification was confirmed for salmonella genus by PCR method.Salmonella species were identified as Salmonella enteritidis by PCR method.

The main objective of the present study was to determine ammonia excretion by rainbow trout eggs at different stages of incubation period. The research was carried out at Namroud rainbow trout hatchery center in winter 2005. For this purpose, two incubators with same condition as experiment unit were selected which one of them as experimental incubator with approximately 60000 eggs and another one without any eggs. Water and egg sampling during incubation period was conducted weekly. Synchronously with the egg and water sampling, water physico-chemical factors which affect to ammonia-unionized ammonia balance such as pH, Temperatures and soluble materials by digital sensitive apparatus were measured. Afterwards ammonia in water samples were measured by filter-photometry Palin test apparatus and total nitrogen in sampled eggs were determined by Kejletic method. Ammonia excretion value during incubation period stages from fertilization until hatch was 0.0012±0.0003, 0.0019±0.0005, 0.0088±0.0009, 0.0089±0.0013 and 0.0082±0.0011 ppm respectively. The results showed with ammonia excretion increasing during incubation period total nitrogen at egg texture with decreasing trend had significant differences (P<0.05) during this period that indicates ammonia excretion is resulted from organic component of yolk metabolism activities.

Specialized fishing methods of the One of the common problems in shrimp farming industry, is the infestation of the shrimp and it’s larval stages by epicommensal ciliates. Some of these ciliates can make some health problems directely (by interference to molting) and indirectely (oxygen deplating) in shrimp farming industry world wide. Since there is not any report about the infestation of larval stages of P. indicus to epicommensal ciliates in hatcharies of this region, this study carried out to determin the ciliates kind and their intensity of infestation. This investigation was done in spring of 2002 in Choabdae rigion (Abadan-Iran). In successive sampling, the total of 345 shrimp including 50 nauplius, 70 protozoa, 125 mysis and 125 post larvae of Penaeus indicus were caught and were carried alive to the laboratory.Different parts of shrimps body were examined microscopically by routin methods. The intensity of infestation were measured and the genus of the ciliates were determined as Zoothamnium sp. and Vorticella sp. These ciliates were observed in mysis and post-larval stages and the infection rate were 2% and 4% respectively. The intensity of the ciliats infestation in all stages were estimated as low. The observed ciliates were attached to the telson, between pleopods, on cephalothorax and eyestalks. No ciliate was observed on the gills of studied larvae and post-larvae. The low intensity of these ciliates may be due to successful control measures of the hatchery management system. The ciliate infestation was too low for detecting the best site of attachment of the ciliates, however, it can be conclued that the larvae showed no site specifity for attachment of the parasite.

This study carried out in Shahid Marjani farm of Golstan province in autumn 2006. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of organic mercury on beluga (Huso huso) bioenergetics. In practice, four treatment groups of beluga juveniles were exposed to four dietary with MeHg: 1- Control group (0.04 mg/kg) 2- Low dose group (0.76 mg/kg) 3- Medium dose group (7.8 mg/kg) 4- High dose group (16.22 mg/kg) during 70 days. After 42 days, all individuals of high treatment died. There were not significant differences (p>0.05) in Food Consumption Rate (FCR) among the treatment groups. By 35 days the high dose treatment group and by 70 days the medium dose treatment group had significantly depressed growth rate when compared to the control group (p<0.05). The high dose group at 35 days and the medium dose group at 70 days had significantly (p<0.05) lower specific growth rate (SGR) compared all other treatment groups.

Yeast were the first microorganisms known, the best studied and generally best accepted by consumers, Yeast are rarely toxic or pathogenic and can be used in human and animal diets. This research was carried out to produce single cell protein (SCP) in whey and whey with different concentration of molasses (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) by Kluyeromydes Feragilis, Candida pesdutropicalis, Sacchromyces cerevisia and Candida intermedia yeasts. dising was an randomly complet block with 5x4 factorial treatment arrangement. For this purpose 1ml of 10-3 dilute of each grown yeast in sabouroud dextrose broth was added to each experimental culture and then the culture were incubated and cell culture, lactose determination according to growth time were carried out and biomass were measured finally. The results showed that Kluyeromydes feragilis yeast could have grown, consuming the lactose present in culture and producing considerable amount of biomass than others yeasts. By increasing the molasses concentration, increased the amount of biomass (p<0.05). The amounts of biomass produced were 16.2, 18.7, 19.2, 19.7 and 19.5 g/lit in 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of molasses. In this research 20 to 30 percent of molasses added in whey increased significantly Kluyeromydes feragilis yeast biomass to 35- 38 percentage.

The purpose of this study was to determine the contamination rate of the broiler carcasses to indicator bacteria at different stages of processing in a poultry abattoir in Mashhad. Total Viable Count (TVC), Coliform count and Escherichia coli count of broiler carcasses in different stages of slaughtering process were performed by sampling from five broiler herds.Number of ten samples was taken by using wet and dry swabbing method, from the neck skin, in each of five stage of processing. Coliform count, E. coli count and TVC were higher after postmortem inspection and evisceration stages.Fridman statistical analysis showed the median amount of Coliform and E. coli count was significantly different between the stages of processing (p<0.05). Wilcoxon statistical analysis for coliform count and E. coli count also showed significant increase between after plucking stage with other stages of processing, except pre chilling stage (p>0.05). It seems that the cause of increasing bacterial contamination of poultry carcasses, after evisceration stage is due to performing this stage manually, after postmortem inspection stage is due to mishandling and after the chilling stage is due to inadequate water supply, or using untreated water and also using contaminated ice blocks.

Plant material remain a source of potencial for discovery of new compounds With valuable pharmacological activities.To investigate the effects ofFicus carica leaf extract on triglyceride (TG) secretion and content, hydrometanolic (total), chloroform, etherdepetrol, aqueous chloroform, and aqueous etherdepetrol were used on HepG2 cell culture. chloroform and etherdepetrol Extracts were toxic and were eliminated from experiment. Different concentrations of total extract (0.03, 0.05 and 0.08 mg/ml) aqueos chloroform extract (0.07, 0.1, 0.15 mg/ml) aqueos etherdepetrol extract (0.08, 0.1, 0.13 mg/ml) were added to the media in both basal and glucose-stimulated conditions and incubated for 48 h. While glucose significantly increased TG secretion (201±2.1mg/dl) vs. basal condition (76.2±-8.4 mg/dl), Co2 incubation with plant extracts, reduced glucose effect back to the basal levels or lower values (total extract up to 70.7±6.8 mg/dl, aqueos chloroform extract up to 66.3±0.66 mg/dl and aqueos etherdepetrol extract up to 109±1.4 mg/dl). Furthermore, TG content of HepG2 cells in glucose- stimulated condition (609±71.48 mg/dl) showed a significant decrease in response to total extract (up to 285±19.8 mg/well) aqueos chloroform extract (331.5±17.7 mg/well), aqueos etherdepetrol. Extract (279±15.75 mg/well) while basal TG content was 342.75±37.43 mg/dl. Although the extracts reduced the TG secretion and content in glucose stimulated conditions, they did not change significantly these parameters in basal conditions. In conclusion, Ficus carica leaf extracts could modulate stimulated TG secretion and content in HepG2 cells. The reason of these effects, in regard to Phytochemical experiments can contributed to presence of flavonoids in the leaf of fig.

During August 1996-July 1997 polychaetes of 4 creeks, Bihad, Doragh, Ghazaleh and Ghanam (3 stations in each creek) in Mahshahr region, Iran, was studied. In these studies diversity indices and environmental factors mentioned and correlation between diversity indices like Shannon, Simpson and evenness of Hill with environmental factors like temperature, oxygen, salinity, pH, grain size and total organic matter was investigated. Factors effecting on diversity indices are different in creeks. Grain size in Bihad creek (smaller than 63 micrometer); TOM in DoOragh creek and salinity in Ghanam creek have the most effect on diversity and dominance indices. In Gazalrh creek salinity on diversity and pH on dominance are the most affecting factors. The most effecting factor on evenness in Bihad and Ghanam creeks are salinity, in Doragh creek is pH and in ghazaleh creek is total organic matter. In all of the studied creeks diversity is low so spotting them as average polluted and high polluted creeks. The most polluted creek is Gazaleh which changes of diversity and dominance indices are significant.

Shadegan wetland is the largest wetland of Iran positioned within the southwest of Iran at the head of the Persian Gulf.Shadegan wetland is subject to increasing pollution from industrial, urban and agricultural sources. We assessed the persistent mercury in Shadegan wetland using as indicator the little egret (Eegretta garzetta). Levels of mercury were analyzed in feather, kidney, liver and muscle of little egrets collected (December 2007) in Shadegan wetland.Mercury levels in feather (2.61 mg/kg) and liver (3/64 mg/kg) were higher than those in muscle (1.21 mg/kg) and kidney (1.51 mg/kg). Concentrations of the mercury in feathers were below threshold that may affect the survival or reproduction of the little egrets. There were not gender difference in levels of mercury between males and females for little egrets. Mercury levels were generally high in feather little egrets collected in Shadegan wetland compared to those measured in other studies.

The digestion enzymatic efficiency in larva and juvenile fishes almost is weak. Evolution of intestine in future helps them to digest food particles. In larviculture these animals feed by live food in beginning. Live food more over his high nutrition value is able to increase digestibility of formulated food. This will help larva to have huge survival and better growth rate. In this study fries of Oncorhynchus mykiss were fed by nauplii, encapsulated cysts, formulated food, encapsulated cyst and formulated food, nauplii and formulated food in five treatments with 3 replication for each one. Experiment was 21 days and at the end of experiment 15 individual of every treatments were analyzed. Results demonstrate that rainbow trout’s larva is able to make his nutrient requirements. Even comparing of fatty acids in fish bodies and profiles of diets show that, intestine enzymes of this animal even on Laval age are able to digest any kind of food and don’t need to other complement live food.

Thermophilic bacteria are valuable sources of thermostable hydrolytic enzymes. Heat-stable enzymes have immense importance in industry and are generally utilized for a variety of commercial Purposes. Among the starch hydrolyzing enzymes, a-amylases have considerable commercial value, especially in sweetener industry. For the production process of sweeteners from starch, the temperature should be 50ºc or higher and the pH close to 7 in order to prevent browning effects and reduce viscosity. It thus requires enzymes able to withstand the elevated process temperatures.Bacteria were isolated from two hot spring waters of Kharaghan (in Gazvin province) and Mahallat (in Arak). Water samples were collected from 50cm below the spring water surface.The water temperatures at the time of sampling at the Kharaghan and Mahallat sites were 56oc and 48oc, respectively. Following centrifugation of the water samples, any remaining pellets were cultured in trace element enriched nutrient broth and incubated at proper elevated temperatures.The four recovered bacteria were identified molecularly by PCR and 16S rRNA gene ribotyping. They were identified as Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus, Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus, Anoxybacillus pushinoensis and Bacillus licheniformis.Amylase production was assayed on starch agar plates by dinitrosalicylic assay. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were characterized. The maximum activity for the B.licheniformis enzyme was observed at 70ºcand at pH 7.0. The A. aneurinilyticus enzyme maximum activity was at 70º c and at pH 8.0; whereas, these for the A.pushinoensisenzyme was at 80oc and at pH 8.0.

The present study designed with histological structure on ovary of the Jinga shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis). This project lasted 6 months (from Apr. to Sep.2003) in coastal water of the Hormozgan province. Following removal and weighting of the ovaries, fragements of their middle region were fixed for 24h in 4% formaldehyde. Afterwards, the tissue was passed ladder prosses befor sectioning and staining. semi-thin (5 micron thick) sections stained with Hematoxilin and Eosine and were examined and photographed in a leitz light microscope.The histological study on ovarian maturation stages showed that Jinga shrimp is a multiple spawner through out its life span capable of reconstructing its ovary after spawning.