Ethics in Science and Technology
Year:2021 | Volume:15 | Issue:4|Papers Count:24

Background Creating the ground for peace and reconciliation through recourse to arbitration has been one of the common methods of litigation that is rooted in ethics. In the criminal justice system, judicial and police officials are the reference for investigation, inquiry and investigation. The sovereign and their representatives have the exclusive competence and no other person has the authority to interfere in it. In restorative litigation, on the other hand, because the view of the offense is different, individuals or councils, as mediators, intervene in the decision-making process and make decisions under the supervision of the criminal authority. However, the penal system is closely related to public order and government sovereignty, and its fate cannot be left to civil society and ethics. With the aim of judicial adjudication and amicable settlement of disputes arising from crime in Article 82 and its executive regulations were approved by the head of the judiciary in 1394. This regulation was amended and approved by the Cabinet in September 2016 and it is binding. Conclusion This regulation was the beginning of the formal introduction of criminal mediation in Iranian law, although for a long time in Iranian customary law, both religiously and morally, in all crimes there is a culture of mediation in various forms. The realization of the restorative justice system has gradually progressed towards mediation.

Background Since the general distrust of a new technology is an important obstacle in the development of this technology, attention to the ethical and social aspects of emerging technologies can play an important role in the development of these technologies. The present study uses documentary and library studies to examine the social and ethical aspects of new technologies with a focus on nanotechnology. The main objectives of this study are: to study the impact of cultural values on the advancement of new science and technology (with emphasis on nanotechnology), to examine issues in ethics of new technologies (with emphasis on nanotechnology), to examine the social consequences of older technologies and lessons to be learned. And examining the role of civil society in advancing new technologies (with an emphasis on nanotechnology). Conclusion A positive attitude along with trust in new technologies is a common point that can be seen in terms of cultural approach in all developed countries. However, ignoring the dangers of a technology can lead to a crisis of public confidence. Since the development of any technology goes through the decision-making process of different dualities, it is necessary to expand the ethical issues of technology to wider areas of society so that more people can enter and influence in this area. Accordingly, the democratization of science and technology means that people who are knowledgeable and knowledgeable are allowed to participate in, and support, the development, underdevelopment, and reorientation of technology. Growth centers can be used to empower NGO groups.

Background Consumer ethical behavior has attracted much attention in recent years. However, most empirical research has focused on specific instances of ethical consumer behavior and ignored other ethical behaviors. This means a complete lack of understanding of the lifestyles of ethical consumers. In this article, while referring to the formation of ethical consumption, a full range of ethical concerns and behaviors of consumers has been studied and identified. Conclusion This article thoroughly examines the concerns and behavioral experiences of ethical consumers and shows that the ethical concerns of consumers in the three areas of environmental welfare, human-social welfare and animal welfare. They seek to adopt an ethical lifestyle through incentive purchases, corporate sanctions, voluntary simplification, slow food consumption, and ethical discourse behaviors. However, in Iran, such actions and behaviors by consumers are at the beginning of the road and we are far from the desired situation. These findings call on marketers and government policymakers to delve deeper into consumerschr('39') ethical concerns and behaviors. On the other hand, by adopting appropriate marketing strategies, commercial companies can better respond to the social and environmental concerns of consumers and meet their needs and ethical desires, and achieve a competitive advantage.

Background Collecting data in the form of databases is one of the new methods that has been growing with the advancement of information technology. The use of databases in management and policy-making has created challenges in areas such as privacy breaches and compliance with accepted ethical norms. The increasing use of databases in public and private organizations in Iran has introduced new ethical and legal dimensions that need to be discussed and considered. The purpose of this study in the first place is to prove the immorality of using data without obtaining the consent of the data owner in the light of the golden rule of ethics. In the next step, we will try to present proposals for the current situation by stating the legal position of the European Union and the legal gaps in the Iranian legal system. Conclusion In order to avoid logical contradiction, individualschr('39') data should be used only by considering the principles governing the use of data and the element of satisfaction should be considered. In order to formulate a legal system to strengthen ethical norms in this field, by studying the legal regime governing data protection in the European Union, some shortcomings of the Iranian legal system in the field of legislation will be identified and solutions to improve it have been proposed.

Background Organizational commitment is an ethical and mental attitude that reflects a tendency, need, and commitment to continuing to work in an organization. There are several contradictory researches among teachers in this regard. Therefore, the present study is intended to describe, analyze and combine the proposed factors in relation to organizational commitment. Method The research method is descriptive-meta-analysis. The statistical population of the present study consisted of written documents, including theses, researches and articles in scientific journals between the years of 2007-2016 on the subject of factors correlated with organizational commitment. Of the published works available in the Magiran database and unpublished works from the reference section of the library of the University of Ardebil, Tehran and Urmia, 54 documents were selected in 213 research subjects. The data collected from each of the documents and researches were analyzed using N-class error, Q and I2 as well as funnel graphs. Results The results of this study showed that the value of X2 index was. 233 and the effect size was fixed in the fixed model of 0. 286. The study of effective factors was identified and their significance was evaluated. All of these values have been evaluated at 95% confidence level. Conclusion According to the meta-analysis, it has been found that some of the most studies that carried out on the basis of organizational commitment are consistent and, except for a few, all of the relationships between organizational variables and organizational commitment have been confirmed.

Background One of the most important issues in empowering and developing managers is paying attention to spiritual intelligence and its effect on organizational commitment and productivity of projects in the organization. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual quotient (SQ) training on organizational commitment and productivity in project managers. Method The research method was quasi-experimental design with control group with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up and the statistical population was 80 managers and executives of Iran Khodro Company project in 2017 (N=80). In this study, 26 people with entry requirements were randomly selected. The instruments used were organizational commitment questionnaire and productivity and spiritual intelligence training program package which was conducted in 7 sessions (120 minutes each session) for the experimental group. For data analyzing, mixed variance analysis with repeated measures was used through SPSS25 software. Results The results showed that the spiritual intelligence training program significantly affected productivity (F = 6. 72, P = 0. 005), and organizational commitment (F = 56. 30, P = 0. 001). This effect has not been remained in the follow-up phase for organizational commitment but has remained stable for productivity. Conclusion The spiritual intelligence training package has the necessary effectiveness to increase organizational productivity and commitment. Hence, a spiritual intelligence training program can be used to enhance the productivity and organizational commitment of project managers and executives.

Background Global Citizenship Education reinforces specific concepts and skills by expanding their dimensions. The purpose of this study is to design and validate the desired curriculum model of "Lifestyle: Applied Ethics" undergraduate course based on the components of Oxfam Global Citizenship. Method The method of the present research is "field" research. The statistical population of the study includes all faculty members of humanities faculties of Qom universities and all students of educational sciences of Qom universities. Using stratified random sampling method, 135 faculty members and 180 students were selected from among them. A researcher-made questionnaire with 62 items and a reliability of 0. 84 was used to collect data. Chi-square test was used to test the research hypotheses. Results The results showed that there was a 95% concordance between the views of professors and students regarding the evaluation of the proposed curriculum model of "Rite of Life: Applied Ethics" based on the components of global citizenship in three areas of knowledge, attitude and skill and there was no significant difference between opinions. Conclusion Therefore, the approved model for designing a lifestyle curriculum: practical ethics is desirable, and by writing the above curriculum based on the components of Oxfam Global Citizen, we can help train efficient students.

Background In order to access sustainable organizational performance and low staff turnover intention, it is necessary to prevent corruption in the system and to focus on ethical issues that are one of the factors associated with these variables. For this purpose, this research has investigated the role of code of ethics and corporate philanthropy actions for participating in changing the work environment and how they affect the sustainable organizational performance among employees of the Day bank. Method The method of this research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population used in the current study consists of all employees of Day-Bank in Tehran. Using a non-probabilistic sampling method, a number of 175 employees were selected as a statistical sample. Data were collected using a questionnaire and structural equation was used for analysis. Results Code of ethics have a direct relationship with philanthropy, job and organizational engagement, and indirect relationship with the turnover intention and organizational sustainability performance. Similarly, philanthropy actions have a direct relationship with job engagement and a negative relation to the turnover intention and indirectly affects organizational sustainability performance. The turnover intention has a negative relationship with organizational sustainability performance. Conclusion Conducting training programs to create a culture of ethics and prevent abuse, emphasizing formal ethics education, finding ethical issues related to the community, and helping to improve the community increases the professional and organizational attachment of employees, which reduces the need for provides employee turnover and sustainable organizational performance.

Background Along with significant expansion of research activities globally, various instances of research misbehavior are also increasing which lead to the retraction of scholarly outputs in many cases. The present study aims to investigate the characteristics of retracted articles published by Springer during 2010-2016. Method The current study is an applied research in terms of objectives while it is a descriptive in terms of data collection which was conducted using scientometric indicators. The population of the study comprised of 974 retracted articles published by Springer in 422 journals during 2010-2016. The data were collected from the Springer link and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results During the studied time, an average of 2. 31 papers published in each Springer journal was retracted. Results of the study showed that the most common reason for retraction was plagiarism (301), followed closely by compromised peer review (248). Moreover, the most retracted articles were belonged to the China (391), Iran (106) and the United States of America (92). Most retraction notices were issued by the journals’ editors and editorial board members (565) and publishers (353). Conclusion The high share of retracted articles written by the Iran researchers is very notable. Observing research ethics as a scientific and ethical responsibility must be considered by researchers and scientific journals’ board members. Journal editors, universities and research institutions need to establish clear policies for article retraction.

Background Promoting ethics in the organization not only creates a favorable environment to increase productivity but also beyond the organization will play an effective role in society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and work ethics of accountants working in the executive apparatus. Method The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research in terms of data collection, which has been done by survey. The statistical population includes all financial employees of the executive bodies of Birjand city, according to Morganchr('39')s table, out of 178 people, 118 of them have been selected as a sample. In order to collect the required data, a standard questionnaire was used and to analyze them, correlation analysis using SPSS 20 software and structural equation modeling using PLS were used. Results The results showed that the professional ethics of accountants is affected by their lifestyle. Also, the gender and work experience of accountants have a significant relationship with the relationship between their lifestyle and work ethic. Conclusion Since ethics in accounting is as important as other disciplines, it is necessary to promote and institutionalize ethical principles among members of the profession. Also, considering that observing work ethic improves the behavioral conditions and lifestyle of individuals and ultimately leads to the growth and development of societychr('39')s economy, it is suggested that serious attention be paid to the work ethic of accountants in the dimensions of their lifestyle in the executive apparatus

Background Ethics is the required subject in all professions and organizations and its existence provides an effective role in professional excellence and promotion of values of organizations. Intellectual capital is also the main factor for value creation in companies. Hence, an empirical study of the relationship between these variables is important. Method This study is an applied research based on the descriptive-correlational analysis. The investigation was conducted by standard questionnaire and a simple random sampling of 94 managers and employees of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2016. For analyzing results of the 2 main hypotheses and 7 subsidiary hypotheses, Smart PLS software was used. Results The findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between professional ethics and intellectual capital. The most significant variables in this regard are human capital, social capital and structural capital, respectively. In addition, the findings related to interactive effects of work experience, academic degree, gender, and age indicate that these variables adjust the relationship between professional ethics and intellectual capital. In this context, results show that the most effective factors in the relationship between professional ethics and intellectual capital are respectively related to the variables of age, experience, education, and gender. Conclusion According to the findings of the research, it can be claimed that there is a positive relationship between professional ethics and intellectual capital, therefore, it is suggested that professional ethics pay special attention to increasing the level of intellectual capital that is a valuable subject in the organization.

Background Ethical education is considered as the heart of teacherschr('39') professional education. Among them, identifying the components of moral education is one of the necessities of successful education in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to collect the components of moral education of students and teachers of Farhangian University based on the upstream documents of this university. Method The present study has used the method of qualitative content analysis based on the approach of Gall et al. (1994) to determine the components of moral education. The statistical population in this study included all upstream documents of Farhangian University. According to the purpose of the study, sampling was not performed and all documents of the statistical population were analyzed. For this purpose all sentences are upstream documents of Farhangian University. The research tools were researcher-made checklists and forms. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to interpret and analyze the data Results Based on the findings, the components of student-teacher moral education based on upstream documents in 4 main dimensions include; Socio-cultural dimensions (including components of cultural and social insight and responsibility), political-economic (including components of political insight and economic management), organizational (commitment, ethics, knowledge management and professional expertise) and personality (religiosity, provincialism, personality traits, nationalism, lifestyle and perceptual skills) were organized. Conclusion Ethical nurture of student-teachers is one of necessities in educational affair of this group along with considered components. Meanwhile Farhangian University has to pay attention to designing of curriculum for ethical nurture of its students in all dimensions and on all recognized ethical components.

Background Effective management of professional ethics requires in-depth study of the current state of professional ethics as well as the reasons for unethical behaviors and methods of ethics development. Therefore, researchers in this study tried to explore the life experiences of managers in order to identify the causes and consequences of unethical behaviors and strategies to control such behaviors. Method This research has been done with a mixed approach and descriptive-field method. The statistical population includes managers working in government organizations in Tehran and Semnan. Through purposeful sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 managers. The interviews were coded using theme analysis. After the final editing, 104 concepts were organized based on consistency in the form of 8 categories and the categories were organized within three categories according to semantic homogeneity. Then, in order to prioritize the causes of immoral behaviors, based on the AHP method and using Expert Choice software, the causes were prioritized. Results The research findings show that the most important causes of unethical behaviors in the organization are: Attitude-based factors, needs-based factors, factors based on individual skills, factors based on organizational culture, factors based on organizational behaviors, Factors based on management processes and systems, socio-cultural environmental factors and technical-economic factors. Conclusion According to the results of this study, if managers want to improve the level of ethics in the organization, they should focus more on psychological factors.

Background One of the most important objectives of the countries is to create the necessary conditions for promoting economic development. The fundamental elimination of corruption, the promotion of economic freedom and property rights, along with the practical incentives for economic development, will not be possible except with the increasing connection of economic ethics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethics, property rights and economic freedom on economic development. Method This is an applied-correlation research. Macroeconomic indicators for economic freedom, property rights, ethics index and the index of economic development of the country Iran has selected as population that Years 2008-2017 were selected as sample. Measuring was the World Bank, Fraser and Heritage institute and the International Institute of Transparency. The ARDL statistical method was used for testing. Results The fit of the research model, which included a main hypothesis, was confirmed. Ethics, economic freedom, and property rights are significantly related to development, and the effects of shocks are adjusted over time. Conclusions It was estimated that all variables are stable and development has a positive and significant relationship with property rights and economic freedom and a negative and significant relationship with moral corruption, while the long-term relationship was also confirmed.

Background Paying attention to the moral components, in addition to the human aspects, increases the desire of foreign clients to receive services in the field of health tourism in Iran. The aim of the present study is to investigate the importance of ethical components in the health tourism marketing model. Method The research method is an applied descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of all staff of medical centers and active units in the health tourism area of the Nursing Science Universities and 630 of them were selected as a statistical sample using simple sampling method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and for data analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used. Results The findings showed that all components of research marketing model have a positive role on health tourism. The findings also showed the role and influence of the ethical components of the marketing model, such as friendly and respectful behavior, transparent expression of the cost of treatment on the promotion and success of health tourism. Conclusion The research marketing pattern indicated the role and importance of attention to ethical components in the expansion and prosperity of health tourism. Accordingly, the relevant authorities and policymakers in the elaboration of related policies and programs, apart from taking into account the common components of present marketing patterns, should pay particular attention to the role of ethical components.

Background Tax ethics as people internal motivation to pay tax, can explain people tax compliance. This study aims to examine ethics role in tax compliance decisions. Method This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is the taxpayers of Fars province in 2016. Sampling was done randomly from the statistical population. The necessary information was collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results There is a positive and significant relationship between conscientiousness and ethical justice. There is a positive and significant relationship between conscientiousness and contractism. There is a positive and significant relationship between consequentialism and ethical justice. There is a positive and significant relationship between consequentialism and relativism. There is a positive and significant relationship between ethical justice and tax acceptance behavior. There is a positive and significant relationship between relativism and tax acceptance behavior. There is a positive and significant relationship between contractivism and tax acceptance behavior. In contrast, there is no positive and significant relationship between conscientiousness and relativism, as well as between consequentialism and contractism. In addition, among the three mediating variables of ethical justice, relativism and contractualism, only the variable of ethical justice affects the relationship between conscientiousness and consequentialism with tax acceptance behavior. Conclusion Findings indicate that consequentialist and conscientious people have more tax acceptance than relativist and contractual people according to ethical justice which is one of the criteria of moral evaluation.

Background The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of professional ethics in the organization based on authoritative scientific sources, opinion of experts, managers and experts. Method The field of qualitative research, based on the purpose of the paper, is a documentary and phenomenological type. The statistical population consists of all valid sources related to professional ethics and all professionals, managers and experts in the field of professional ethics, and the sample includes: Relevant valid sources, 10 managers from organizations, and 10 experts from over 10 years of experience (cooperatives, social workers in the central province). The sampling method was also targeted sampling method. The data gathering tool was semi-structured in the documentation section of the checklist and in the phenomenology section of the interview. The analysis method included coding and interpretive analysis. Results Out of 8 upstream documents, 119 sub-components were identified and obtained by distinguishing and categorizing these sub-components and identifying the common aspect and the way of differentiating them, 24 components of professional ethics were identified. Conclusion The emphasis on a coherent program of professional ethics training, the creation of a cooperative spirit, and joint work and group work, especially organizational ethics, should be included in the organizationchr('39')s educational programs.

Background "Work ethic", "social responsibility" and "organizational commitment" are among the variables that have been and are the main focus of researchers in organizational management. The present study examined the relationship between work ethic and social responsibility and organizational commitment among employees in the Martyr Foundation of West Azerbaijan Province and sought to determine whether work ethic has a significant relationship with social responsibility and organizational commitment? Method The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included 148 employees of the Martyr Foundation of West Azerbaijan Province, 108 of whom were selected through stratified random sampling. The required data were collected using three standard questionnaires of work ethic, social responsibility and organizational commitment and analyzed using the statistical test of structural equation model using partial least squares (pls) method for research hypotheses. Results Findings showed that work ethic is able to explain changes in organizational commitment by 73%. On the other hand, work ethic has 77% of the variance of social responsibility. Another finding of this study is that organizational commitment has a significant and positive relationship with social responsibility and 72% of the changes in social responsibility explain organizational commitment. Conclusions According to the statistical results, all research hypotheses were confirmed and it was concluded that work ethics has a significant relationship with social responsibility and organizational commitment.

Background The relationship between ethics and sport and its institutionalization in society is one of the central issues that can be widely considered as a source of great social and ethics transformation. The purpose of this study is to investigate how sport ethics are institutionalized from the view-point of sports practitioners. Method The method of qualitative research was based on the systematic data approach of the foundation using the grounded theory. Contributors were in the field of ethics for sport experts. The sample included 20 of these specialists. The sampling method was ttargeted sampling method and sampling continued to achieve theoretical saturation. The research tool was the use of deep interviewing. Data were analyzed through grounded theory which consists of three stages, open cods, axial and selective coding. Results The results of data analysis in three stages, open source, axial and selective coding, indicated 21 items that were categorized in a paradigmatic model including: causative conditions (internal motivations, environmental factors), background conditions (institutions, institutional factors, factors Legal), mediating conditions (media environment), strategies (managerial, educational) and outcomes (economic, social and cultural). Conclusion The results of the research show that the culture of ethics in sport through the coordination of institutions as well as role models such as athletes and stars in this field through the participation of mass media and the system of punishment and reward can be effective in the institutionalization of ethics in sport.

Background If the space governing the organization is a space with ethics due to adherence to ethical principles, the existence of such a space for employees creates commitment and desire to continue working in the organization and improve the overall performance of the organization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between ethical culture and organizational ethics with job conflict among employees of sports and youth departments in Kermanshah province. Method The research method is descriptive-correlation and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included 150 employees of sports and youth departments of Kermanshah province that 110 people were selected as a sample using simple random sampling method. The research tool was the use of three questionnaires: Singingpadi and Wittelchr('39')s ethical culture, Organizational Ethics Questionnaire (EPQ), and Ladeel & Conner Job Engagement Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Results In general, ethical culture and organizational ethics are related to job conflict. This is based on the correlation test between moral culture and job conflict to the extent of 0. 000 and we have a significant relationship between organizational ethics and job conflict to the extent of 0. 002. In this regard, the relationship between moral culture and job conflict is more appropriate and it can be said that job conflict has received more relationship from moral culture than organizational ethics. Conclusion It seems that efforts to establish an ethical work environment in the organization and encourage employees to perform work activities based on ethical culture, can provide opportunities to promote employee job conflict.

Background In todaychr('39')s dynamic and changing environment, service organizations are forced to move towards service innovation. Organizations also need an employer brand and work ethics to survive and move toward service innovation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between employer brand and service innovation with respect to the mediating role of work ethics. Method This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational research in terms of the nature and method of research. The statistical population is all employees of a defense organization (800 people); to test the research hypotheses, a sample of 270 employees were randomly selected from a limited community. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Finally, the structural equation modeling method was used with the help of PLS. Results According to the results of the research, employer brand has a significant relationship with services innovation and work ethics. There is also a significant relationship between work ethics and services innovation. Conclusion In order to move towards service innovation, the mentioned organization must use employer brand and work ethics leverages.

Background Abusive supervision has been recognized as one of the most counter production leadership styles, due to having very negative consequences at the individual, group, organizational and outsourcing levels and not addressing this issue in previous research. The purpose of this research was to identify and ranking of antecedents of abusive supervision. Method This research is descriptive – correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 executive managers in Arsanjan which were identified and selected by concept sampling and snowball sampling. By reviewing the literature and the background of the research, the antecedents were identified and Fuzzy Delphi technique was used to ensure the correctness of identified developments and in order to rank them, the paired comparison questionnaire was distributed among experts and after collection, it was analyzed by Expert Choice 11 software and the AHP technique. Results The results showed that the leadership style with a weight of 0/478 was ranked first; the supervisorschr('39') characteristics with the weight of 0/218 were ranked second, and the subordinate related antecedents with a weight of 0/0139 were ranked third in importance. Stressors and negative affective state of supervisors weighing 0/071; organization related antecedents with a weight of 0/061 and demographic characteristics of supervisors and subordinates with a weight of 0/032 were ranked fourth to sixth respectively. Also, sub antecedents related to each event were also identified and ranked. Conclusion Based on research findings, leadership style and subordinateschr('39') characteristics have the greatest impact on abusive supervision. The research results can be used in planning and training efforts to prevent the emergence of this unethical leadership style.

Background The discussion of the ethical climate of the sales force is the basis of empathy and happiness of sales staff and a central factor in determining their identity. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is the effect of sales force ethics on their organizational identity by considering the mediating role of organizational happiness and empathy. Method This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey method in terms of data and library-field in terms of data collection. The statistical population includes private insurance companies of East Azerbaijan province with a total sales force of 245 people. Due to the low number of people in the statistical population, sampling was not performed. The data collection tool is an electronic questionnaire. Validity of questionnaires based on construct validity, diagnostic, divergent and convergent and its reliability with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. The research hypotheses were tested with Smart PLS software. Results The findings showed that the ethical climate of sales force has a significant positive effect on organizational happiness, empathy and organizational identity. Organizational happiness mediates the relationship between the ethical climate of the sales force and organizational identity. Empathy also plays a mediating role in the relationship between the ethical climate of the sales force and organizational identity. Conclusion The ethical climate of the sales force also directly affects the organizational identity of sellers by promoting empathy and organizational happiness. Therefore, company managers need plans to improve the ethical climate of the sales force.

Background In an appropriate ethical climate, employees can feel close to the organization through justice, which is a social expectation. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to investigate the mediating role of ethical climate on the relationship between organizational justice and organizational identity. Method This research has been applied based on the purpose of the research. The statistical sample of this research was 195 employees of the Tractor Manufacturing Industrial Services Company. Three questionnaires were used to collect data. The structural equation model has also been used to test the hypotheses. Results The research findings show that the relationship between organizational justice and benevolent moral climate and moral climate based on principles and values is positive and negative with selfish moral climate. Also, the relationship between benevolent moral climate and ethical climate based on principles and values with positive organizational identity and selfish climate has a negative relationship with organizational identity. Conclusion The results show that organizational justice in the presence of ethical atmosphere strengthens the organizational identity of employees.