Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2022 | Volume:65 | Issue:4|Papers Count:49

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of mental health on nurses' life satisfaction with the mediation of resilience in nurses. Methods: The statistical population of this research included all the nurses working in Chalus and Nowshahr hospitals in the first 6 months of 2016. The research sample included 150 nurses who were selected by cluster random method. Data collection was done using three questionnaires: mental health (Kumar, 1992), life satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985) and resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003). Results: The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between mental health and life satisfaction of nurses (P<0. 05),There is a significant relationship between resilience and life satisfaction of nurses (P<0. 05),There is a significant relationship between mental health and resilience of nurses (P<0. 05). Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the model of the relationship between mental health and life satisfaction with the mediating role of resilience fits the research data. Conclusion: It seems that it is necessary to pay attention to the individual capacities of nurses such as resilience and general health in order to increase mental health and improve the level of satisfaction with their lives.

Introduction: So far, there is evidence that genetic factors can affect the level of performance or sensitivity to injury in athletes. The aim of present study was the comparison and the investigation of the association of incidence and severity of exercise-induced injuries among various genotypes of ACTN3 in Iranian male elite weightlifters. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elite male weightlifters participated. Fuller et al. (2006) Sports Injury Registration Questionnaire was used for data collection. After DNA extraction via using saliva samples of individuals, to assess the genotypes, PCR, electrophoresis and finally Tetra ARMs were performed. Kruskal-Wallis test via SPSS version 21 was used to compare the incidence and severity of different injuries among different genotypes of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism rs1815739 (α, =0. 05). Results: The result of present study showed that there is a significant difference among different genotypes in the severity of muscle spasm, rupture, and strain injuries in elite Iranian male weightlifters (P<0. 05) (higher severity of injuries in CT and TT genotypes). In contrast, no significant difference was observed among different genotypes in the percentage of frequency of various sports injuries in different parts of the body and the severity of other sports injuries in elite Iranian male weightlifters (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Candidate weightlifters with the CC genotype of the ACTN3 gene may be more resistant to exercise-induced muscle injuries in strength and power sports such as weightlifting, which may increase their chances of success in these sports (in contrast to athletes with TT and CT genotype). These results can be useful in identifying people who are prone to success or providing more specific training programs for people prone to injury in sports such as weightlifting.

Introduction: varus knee is a common deformity among athletes and non-athletes’,individuals. One of the most important influencing risk factors during landing is knee flexor torque that has a huger effect on the person with varus knee. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of variable Rate of Loading (ROL) and knee flexion moment in individuals with varus knee for examination of ration between this biomechanical risk factor and ankle strategy. Material and Methods: In this Applied Study Fourteen-man athlete with varus knee (Age: 26±, 3. 5, Body Mass Index: 25. 11±,3. 75) in single group participated in this study. Each participant done correct drop landing for three-time under force plate and motion capture recording. variability outcome calculations were performed using MATLAB b2016R software, Finally last result have been analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results of the of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that the variable ROL has a positive significant relationship with the variable of Maximum flexor torque of the knee (P≤, 0. 002). Accordingly, alongside of ROL reduction based on special ankle strategy during landing knee flexion moment had been reduced. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the ROL controlling strategy in the ankle can affect the flexor torque of the knee and reduction the effect of this biomechanical risk factor.

Introduction: A review of research shows that children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder have difficulty with motor, cognitive function and disobedience. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of motor exercises and parenting therapy based on child-parent interaction on motor, cognitive and disobedient performance in children with ADHD. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. From the community of children aged 7 to 12 years with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder referred to the Apama Counseling and Psychotherapy Center in Tehran, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and 15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group were randomly assigned. Were. Data collection tools were motor assessment set for children, numerical breadth of Wechsler scale of children, visual-spatial working memory, child behavioral list. The experimental group was first trained in parenting based on child-parent interaction, and at the same time, their children were taught the movement exercises they wanted to do with their children. Result: The results showed that movement exercises and PCIT-based parenting therapy had an effect on motor, cognitive function and disobedience in children with ADHD (p <0. 05). Between the two experimental groups in the variable of verbal memory (p = 0. 001) and (F = 92. 440) and in the variable of visual-spatial memory (p = 0. 001) and (F = 125. 897) and in the variable of motor function There is a significant difference between (p = 0. 001) and (F = 220. 070) and disobedience (p = 0. 001) and (F = 100. 76). Conclusion: Motor training and parenting interaction based on child-parent interaction affect motor function, cognition and disobedience in children with ADHD, so it is recommended that workshops for parents and educators and institutions related to children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are held to familiarize themselves with these children.

Introduction: Drug addiction, as one of the most serious social issues in the world, encompasses various dimensions of sociology, psychology, law, politics and economics and is the cause of many harms and social deviations. The aim of this study was to present a model of addiction recurrence based on early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder mediated by emotion seeking in self-reported addicts. Material and Method: The design of the present study was descriptive and the design of the correlation study was a structural equation model and LISREL software was used to evaluate the findings. The statistical population of the present study consists of all 2204 self-reported addicted patients referring to drug abuse treatment centers in Tonekabon and Abbasabad counties in 1399, numbering 2204, of which 278 were selected by available sampling method and Responded to Wright (1993) Addiction Relapse Questionnaire, Young (1998) Early maladaptive Schemas, Hodgson & Rachmann (1977), and Marvin Zuckerman (1978),Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Findings showed that due to the less direct effect of indirect pathways than indirect pathways, the presence of emotion mediating variable increased the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder with the recurrence of addiction and the mediating role of emotion seeking in the present study. Confirmation occurs. Other findings confirm the association between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder with recurrence of addiction. Conclusion: The degree of arousal in individuals is associated with the risk of substance abuse, and in other words, the higher the degree of arousal in a person, the more likely he is to become addicted to drugs.

Introduction: FoxO1 is a transcription factor involved in energy metabolism, which contributes to the pathology of metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on FoxO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and lipid profile of high fat diet-induced obese male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, fourteen male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for six weeks, then were randomly divided into training (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. The training group performed the HIIT protocol on a treadmill for six weeks. FoxO1gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue and lipid profile were measured after the last training session. Data were analyzed by independent T test. Results: There was no significant difference in the FoxO1 gene expression between the two groups after interval training (P>0. 05). The levels of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were significantly lower and higher respectively in the training group compared to the control group (P˂, 0. 05). No significant difference was found in triglycerid and low-density lipoprotein levels between the two groups (P˃, 0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that six weeks of HIIT in obese rats can improve the lipid profile without changing FoxO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and is the second cause of death after lung cancer. Women with breast cancer have an unfavorable quality of life compared to normal women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural model of the quality of life of women with breast cancer based on type D personality with the mediating role of perception of the disease. Methodology: In this practical study, descriptive information of women with breast cancer referred to Shahada Tajrish Hospital and Azar Clinic in Tehran in 2018-2019 was collected. The sample size was determined to be 440 people. Data collection tools included demographic quality of life questionnaire, D personality type scale and short form disease perception questionnaire. Results: the variable path coefficient of type D personality on the perception of the disease of women with breast cancer is 0. 578 and the t-statistic is 7. 034, the variable path coefficient of the perception of the disease on the quality of life of the studied patients is 0. 471 and the t-statistic with a value of 3. 055 and finally, the coefficient of the variable path of type D personality on the quality of life of women with breast cancer was found with a value of 0. 523 and also the t-statistic with a value of 4. 120, all of which had a significant effect. Conclusion: Type D personality with the mediating role of perception of the disease affects the quality of life of women with breast cancer and reduces the quality of life in these patients.

Introduction: Increased adipose tissue is associated with the secretion of cytokines, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance, combination (aerobic + resistance) training on serum leptin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in inactive obese girls. Subjects & Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical sample of this study included 28 inactive obese girls (age: 20-27 years and BMI <30 kg / m2) who did not participate in any specific exercise program and were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (control, aerobic, resistance)., Combined) were divided into 7 people. Subjects in the aerobic exercise group (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes, 60%-70% of maximum heart rate), resistance training (3 sessions per week, 60 minutes, 40-60% of a maximum repetition) and the combined training group (resistance + Aerobic, 60 minutes) practiced three sessions a week. Blood samples were collected one day before and 24 hours after the last training session. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of less than 5%. Results: The results of this research showed that the average changes in leptin level of the experimental groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P=0. 001) and between the aerobic group (P=0. 01) and the resistance group (P=0. 005). There is a significant difference with the combined group. Also, 6 weeks of aerobic, resistance and combined training (resistance + aerobic) caused a significant decrease in fat mass (P=0. 001), body mass (P=0. 002), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, cholesterol (0. 001) (P=0. 001) and triglyceride (P=0. 001). Examining the results of the variables shows a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P=0. 002). Conclusion: Combined exercise (resistance + aerobics) seems to be more effective in reducing serum leptin and cardiovascular risk factors in obese people.

Introduction: Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. In this study, ratio of leptin to adiponectin, along with the insulin resistance index, is a good indicator for the diagnostic purposes of obesity and diabetes. Materials and Methods: Sixty obese women aged 35-45 years (BMI ≥, 30) were divided into four groups: control, exercise, massage, and exercise+massage. Aerobic exercise included aerobic training, 8weeks, 3days/week, that bigan with 25 minutes and 55% of HRmax, and in the last week reached 40 minutes and 85% of HRmax. Massage was performed by LPG device for 30 minutes, 3days/week and 8 weeks. The combined group performed an exercise program after 30 minutes of massage. Blood samples were taken from the vein of the left hand, bifor and 48h after the exercise and massage intervention, and after 12h of fasting. were measured the Leptin, adiponectin, insulin and glucose levels. In order to analized the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used at a significance level of p≥, 0. 05. Results: The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin in the post-test of exercise+massage group were significantly changed compared with post-test of three groups, (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Performing aerobic exercise with massage on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin levels seems to be more effective than exercise and massage alone.

Introduction: An increase in symptoms of anxiety, particularly in Healthcare workers (HCWs) are already being reported in several countries concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to compare the mental health and anxiety of HCWs in COVID-19 referral centers and other hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional consisted of 180 HCWs including 81 participants in COVID-19 wards and 99 in other wards. The mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Participants were provided with the online questionnaires using social media apps. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. chi-square test (or Fisher exact test), independent samples T-test and linear regression were used when appropriate. Results: The mean age of the participants were 36. 55±, 9. 48 years and 120 (66. 7%) were women. The mean score of HAI-18 and CDAS questionnaires were significantly lower in COVID-19 HCWs (p<0. 05), however, GHQ-28 score was not different between the two groups. The shift duration (β, =-0. 297, p=0. 026), shift hours (β, =0. 283, p=0. 044), and different hospital units (β, =0. 211, p=0. 045) significantly affect the CDAS scores. Also, number of children was significant determinant of the GHQ-28 score (β, =-0. 224, p=0. 035) Conclusion: HCWs in the COVID-19 wards experience less anxiety compared to HCWs without contact with COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Smartphones have become an integral part of life by replacing computers with internet access and making life easier. But along with these positive features, there are also various negative effects. Therefore, the use of smartphones can also be problematic. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a model of nomophobia symptoms in students based on attachment style and media literacy with the mediation of Internet addiction. The method of this study was descriptive-correlation based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of this study was the male students of the first secondary school in the city of Qom, who were selected using the random sampling method of sample clusters with a volume of 306 people (n = 306). The tools of data collection were Yildirim and Correa's Nomophobia Questionnaire (2015), Hazan and Shaver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Philosophical Media Literacy Questionnaire (2013) and Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1999). Data analysis using structural equation modeling method and Lisrel software showed that avoidant attachment style has an indirect effect on nomophobia symptoms with the mediation of Internet addiction (p<0. 05, β, =0. 54),Anxious attachment style has an indirect effect on nomophobia symptoms with the mediation of Internet addiction (p<0. 05, β, =0. 56), Secure attachment style has an indirect effect on nomophobia symptoms through the mediation of Internet addiction(β,=-0. 51, p < 0. 05),Media literacy has an indirect effect on the symptoms of nomophobia through the mediation of Internet addiction (p<0. 05, β, =0. 57), Avoidant attachment style has a direct effect on nomophobia symptoms (p<0. 05, β, =0. 36).

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the dark traits of personality, body image and resilience in perfectionist and non-perfectionist male athletes in Rasht city. The present descriptive research method is causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study was all perfectionist and non-perfectionist male athletes in 2018-2019. Materials and Methods: In this research, the number of 150 perfectionist and non-perfectionist male athletes from football, basketball, athletics, bodybuilding and other professional sports were selected by available sampling method, the information was based on demographic questions and endurance Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (1991), body image concern, Littleton et al. (2005), Jonason and Webster's (2010) dark personality traits, and Terry-Short et al. 's positive and negative perfectionism (1995) have been collected and analyzed. In this research, to test hypotheses and to compare two groups, univariate ANOVA and multivariate ANOVA and SPSS version 18 software were used for analysis. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference between resilience and body image in two groups (P<0. 01). Also, no significant difference was observed between the dark traits of personality (Machiavellianism and antisocial) in perfectionist and non-perfectionist male athletes (P<0. 01). there was a significant difference in the variable of narcissistic personality in the two groups (P<0. 01). Conclusion: According to the above results, it can be concluded that perfectionist male athletes have obtained more scores in the variable of narcissistic personality and show more fear of body image than the non-perfectionist group. Sports express the correct and natural psychological development of people and cause athletes to move away from the focus of individualism and anti-socialism.

Introduction: Postpartum depression in men and the risk of adverse effects on the relationship with the child as well as relationships with the spouse are of particular importance,Therefore, this study aims to predict the birth of a baby in fathers based on stress and perceived social support with respect to the mediating role of vulnerable individuals. Methods: This study was a correlational and applied study. The sample consisted of 300 fathers in Isfahan who had a baby in the last six months and were selected as available. Then they answered the research tools including Edinburgh Depression Inventory (1978), Harry Stress Inventory (2005), Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS), Zimet et al. (1988) and Boyce et al. (2004) Vulnerable Personality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling based on the covariance method of AMOS software version 24. Results: The results showed that in the fathers model, except for the path of "perceived stress to postpartum depression" and "social support for postpartum depression", other pathways are significant (p <0. 05). . Conclusion: The results showed that the model of predicting postpartum depression based on stress and social support has a good fit due to the mediating role of vulnerable personality in the group of fathers. The results also showed that all exogenous and mediating variables, namely perceived stress, social support and vulnerability, could predict 25% of postpartum depression in fathers.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy and positive psychology on reviving the attractiveness of couples, self-compassion and gratitude among couples involved. Material and Method This research was practical in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included couples with marital problems in Tehran city who had referred to Tehran counseling centers in 1400 (184 couples), among them 30 couples (60 people) with the condition of having the conditions of the research by purposeful sampling method, selection and They were randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group, and 10 couples in each group. Yang's therapy protocol, including 10 90-minute sessions (2002), was used for schema therapy interventions, and Rashid and Seligman's protocol, including 10 90-minute sessions (2013), was used for positive psychology therapy interventions. The research tools included Karandasho et al. 's physical attractiveness questionnaire (2020), Neff's narcissism questionnaire (2003) and McClife's gratitude questionnaire (2002). The data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS-V26 software. Results: The findings showed that in the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group (P<0. 001) and both intervention methods can be effective in reviving the attractiveness, self-compassion and gratitude of the couples involved. Conclusion According to the results of the research, it can be said that both interventions can be used as an effective treatment method to restore attractiveness, self-compassion and gratitude, and as a result, reduce the marital problems of couples.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and spiritual therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in divorced women. . Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all divorced women covered by the welfare of Tehran in 1399, from which 45 qualified volunteers were included in the study, who were divided into two experimental groups and one control group by age homogenization. In the present study, to describe and analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS software with a significance level of 0. 05 were used. . Results: The results showed that in the post-test and follow-up, the mean scores of adaptive strategies in the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the control with a greater difference. Also, the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the post-test phase has been more effective than spiritual therapy on increasing adaptive strategies. In post-test and follow-up, the mean scores of maladaptive strategies in the experimental groups decreased significantly compared to the control with a greater difference. Also, the effect of spiritual therapy in the post-test phase and following the method of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness has been more effective in reducing maladaptive strategies. (P≥, 0. 001). Conclusion: Cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and spiritual therapy for both divorced women seem to improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies in these individuals and reduce the individual and social consequences of divorce.

Introduction & Objective: Adolescence is usually faced with identity and social problems. according to this the purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of positive thinking training on the female adolescents’,perceived social support in the town of Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the study included 285 female adolescents who were under the support of the Organization of Wellbeing in the town of Sar-e-Pol-e Zahab in the first six months of 2020. 37 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 adolescents in the experimental group and 19 in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received positive thinking training (11 sessions) during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included perceived social support questionnaire (Zimnet et al, 1988). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software. Finding: The results showed that positive thinking training has had significant effect on the perceived social support (F=48. 51,Eta=0. 58, P<0001) of female adolescents in a way that this intervention succeeded in improving the adolescents’,social acceptant and interaction. Concloution: According to the findings of the present study, positive thinking training can be an efficient method to improve the adolescents’,perceived social support through employing mediation, mindfulness, using one’, s strong suits, confirming the self and stating the values.

Introduction: Diabetes with high blood sugar can cause central nervous system disorders. Consumption of stevia and vanadium are effective in regulating blood sugar, and may be associated with endurance activity in the brain tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The 35 male rats (180±, 10 g) (6-8w age) after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (70 g/kg daily), were divided into 7 groups: 1. control, 2. diabetic, 3. diabetic+exercise, 4. diabetic+vanadium, 5. diabetic+stevia, 6. diabetic+exercise+vanadium, 7. diabetic+exercise+stevia. To induce type1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was dissolved in water daily. The endurance training consisted of eight weeks, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute. Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤, 0. 05) was used. Results: Body weight decreased significantly in all six experimental groups compared to healthy control group (p=0. 001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium+exercise (p=0. 01), and in stevia+exercise group compared to stevia (p=0. 04). In the diabetic group, mild neuronal changes improved with exercise, stevia consumption and exercise + stevia, and mild hyperemia, with exercise, vanadium consumption, and exercise+vanadium (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the brain damage caused by diabetes.

Introduction: Left ventricle remodeling by endurance training is relatively well established, but in the case of the right ventricle, the findings are paucity and controversial, and more research is needed. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of intense endurance exercise on the right ventricle and to investigate the role of Wnt/β,-catenin signaling in this field. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and training groups. The training group underwent intense endurance training, including a 12-week treadmill program. After echocardiography, the rats' hearts were extracted and collagen deposition was assessed by Masson trichrome staining, and Wnt1, β,-catenin and cyclinD1 mRNA and protein levels in right ventricle were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Independent t-test was used to compare the means between the control and exercise groups. Results: Wnt1, β,-Catenin and CyclinD1 mRNA levels in the training group were nonsignificantly higher than the control group (0. 16 ±,0. 044 vs 0. 12 ±,0. 029, 0. 03 ±,0. 008 vs 0. 01 ±,0. 001 and 0. 0017 ±,0. 0005 vs 0. 0013 ±,0. 0002,respectively). Western blot results showed statistically significant changes in Wnt1 (training group 0. 75 ±,0. 014 vs. control group 0. 19 ±,0. 005,P <0. 0001). ), Β,-Catenin (exercise group 0. 68 ±,0. 014 vs. control group 0. 19 ±,0. 018,P <0. 0001) and CyclinD1 protein levels (exercise group 0. 69 ±,0. 012 vs. control group 0. 013 ±,0. 22,P <0. 0001). The results of Masson Trichrome staining to identify collagen deposition show that there is no statistically significant difference between the training group (12 ±,0. 72) and the control group (11. 75 ±,1. 22). The echocardiographic indices of the training group were not significantly different from the control group. Conclusion: It seems that prolonged intense endurance training may lead to right ventricular hypertrophy by activating Wnt/β,-catenin signaling.

Introduction: Communication is one of the most important management processes in business. The nature of a manager's job requires that he communicate with employees, colleagues and customers and use the appropriate communication style. . Therefore, the current research was developed with the aim of designing and presenting a model for the application of managers' delegation style and validating it in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: The research philosophy is in the realm of pragmatism and the research method is mixed. Also, the research strategy in the qualitative part is theme analysis and in the quantitative part, survey. The statistical sample in the qualitative stage is 12 experts and managers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences who were selected to participate in the research through a targeted process and using the snowball method. The statistical sample in the quantitative section was 97 managers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The method of data collection in this research is an interview (face-to-face, in-depth and semi-structured) in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. . To analyze the data of this research, in the qualitative part, Max Kyuda software was used, and in the quantitative part, spss 22 software and PLS software were used. . Results: The findings of the research on the contingency model of the use of delegated communication style by managers include 3 categories of manager's conditions with two components of the manager's individual characteristics and interpersonal characteristics of the manager, the category of job conditions with the component of job nature and the category of subordinates' conditions with two components of psychological characteristics and individual characteristics. Also, in the quantitative part, the results of the data showed that the mentioned model has the required validity. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, managers in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences can empower, grow and promote their employees by using the style of delegation and delegating authority to employees, which will eventually create the basis for proper succession in the organization.

Introduction: In today's world, Intellectual capital and social capital have important organizational capabilities and assets that can help the organization in creating and sharing knowledge to improve the performance of the organization. Hence, for today's organizations, the design of metrics and indicators related to intellectual capital and social capital and its development is of great importance. Therefore, the current research was compiled with the aim of explaining the factors related to the promotion of intellectual capital with the approach of social capital in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1400. Methods: The research method is inductive and qualitative. Also, the research strategy is content analysis. The statistical population consisted of university experts and specialists who were selected as the sample size using the saturation principle and snowball sampling method. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was done using the qualitative data analysis method known as content analysis, using Max Kyoda software version 2018. Results: Based on the research findings, the dimensions and components of intellectual capital in 4 categories and 11 components and the dimensions and components of social capital in 3 categories and 7 components were identified. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, by investing in the organization's social capital in cognitive, structural and relational dimensions, it can be expected that the organization's intellectual capital, including human capital, structural capital, respect for clients and innovation capital, will increase.

Introduction: The present study aims at sheeding light on the mediating role of marital adjustment in relation to infertility –, related stress and emotional distress among infertile women and was conducted in Infertility Clinic of Esfahan. Materials and Methods Therefore, regarding the principles of entering and exiting from the research, 183 participants were selected among the infertile women in Shahid Beheshti Infertility Center who all answered Newton `s Fertility Problem Inventory, Spinner`s Marital Adjustment Inventory, Beck`s Depression Inventory and Spielberger`s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as research tools. Results: The results showed that marital adjustment is a partial mediator of the effect of stress associated with infertility on emotional distress. In other words, stress associated with infertility increases emotional distress, and this effect increases with infertility in spite of marital adjustment. Conclusion: Infertility-related stress increases emotional distress and the impact will increase with a lower level of marital adjustment.

Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the major public health issues in the world today and the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on cognitive agitation and self-compassion in patients with hypertension. . Methods: The present research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study was all women with hypertension in Mahdishahr in 1399. The sample of this study included 48 patients with hypertension, which were available and non-available. They were randomly selected from women who referred to the comprehensive health service centers and were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 24) and control (n = 24). To collect data, Gilanders (2010) Cognitive Fusion Diagnostic Scales and Self-Compassion Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance tests. Results: The results showed that the mean component of cognitive fusion was 32. 87 in the pre-test and 26. 58 in the post-test. Cognitive and self-compassion dimensions had a significant effect on patients with hypertension. P <% 05. Conclusion: Positive psychotherapy has reduced cognitive fusion and increased all dimensions of self-compassion in people with hypertension. Therefore, due to the effectiveness of positive treatment in lowering blood pressure, these results are recommended for clinicians and health care providers.

Introduction: Children with thalassemia face serious clinical and psychological complications that can cause many problems for them and their families. Coping strategies based on psychological theories help these children to adapt to their new situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Roy’, s systemic model on social adjustment of children with thalassemia. Methods: This experimental study was performed on 54 thalassemic children referred to Taleghani Hospital in Gonbade Kavous (Golestan Province, Iran). Data were collected by Bell adjustment and demographic information questionnaires, and then analyzed by SPSS-21 software using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test, independent t-test, U Mann-Whitney and Chi-square) at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: Independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the intervention and test groups before the study (P = 0. 59). This test showed a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention (P = 0. 002). Paired t-test showed a significant difference in the intervention group before and after the study (P = 0. 016). Paired t-test in the control group before and after the intervention did not show a significant difference (P = 0. 16). ANCOVA test showed a significant difference by removing the effect of pre-test. So that 0. 34 of the variable-dependent changes can be related to the Roy adaptation pattern (P <0. 01, eta = 34%) Conclusion: Education based on Roy’, s theory affects social adjustment of children with thalassemia. The quality of life of children with thalassemia depends on several factors.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of twelve weeks of manual therapy on pain and range of motion in women with chronic non-specific back pain. Material and Method: In this clinical trial study, 50 women between 25 and 65 years old with chronic non-specialized low back pain were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups of manual therapy with mean age (28. 15 ±, 7. 00), weight ( 60. 00±, 8. 11), height (165. 18 ±, 7. 60) and a control group with mean age (40 ±,15. 00), weight (60±, 9. 00), height (160±, 8. 00) were divided. The control group was given only low back pain training program and the experimental group received manual treatment for 12 weeks and 1 session per week. The variableswere measured in two stages of pre-test and post-test. In order to analyze the differences within the group, paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine the differences between the groups. Results: The results showed that training intervention was effective in improving pain and range of motion, a statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups (p <0. 05). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that pain and range of motion in women with chronic low back pain after 12 weeks of training consisting of twelve sessions of treatment during 12 weeks and once a week improves for manual therapy.

Introduction: Students suffering from a chronic disease such as diabetes causes their mental, cognitive and emotional health to suffer. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on the cognitive fusion and self-care behaviors of the students with type-1 diabetes. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, with control group design. The follow-up period was administered in two months too. The statistical population of the present study included first-and second-grade high school students with type-1 diabetes in the town of Lar in academic year 2021-22. Thirty six students with type 1 diabetes were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires included Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) (Gillanders, et. al, 2010) and Self-Care Questionnaire (SCQ) (Galiana, et. al, 2015). The collected data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy has significant effect on the cognitive fusion and self-care behaviors of the students with type-1 diabetes (p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings of present study it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease cognitive fusion and improve self-care behaviors in the students with type-1 diabetes through applying techniques such as six main processes including psychological acceptance, context self, communication with the present time, values and committed action.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two types of introverted and extroverted resistance training programs on neuromuscular adaptations (amplitude of electromyographic waves and mean frequency spectrum) of the quadriceps muscle. Methods: For this purpose, 24 subjects including non-athlete boys in the age range of 19 to 27 years in Bojnourd were randomly divided into two groups: eccentric (12 people) and concentric (12). The eccentric exercise group performed knee flexion with one leg at 150% 1RM to the limit of fatigue and the concentric exercise group performed knee extension with one leg at 75% 1RM to the limit of fatigue for 8 weeks. Surface electromyographic signals were measured and recorded before and after eight weeks of training for both groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (M-ANOVA) was used to examine changes in EMG variables before and after training sessions, muscle and training group as dependent variables. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the average frequency spectrum increase in the quadriceps muscle after 8 weeks of extroverted training is significantly higher than that of introverted. Also, these changes in the increase in electromyographic wave magnitude in the quadriceps muscle after 8 weeks of extroverted training are significantly more than introverted. Conclusion: In general, the eccentric exercise group showed a greater increase in electromyographic indices compared to the concentric exercise group, which is probably related to the application of central nervous system mechanisms to eccentric contractions.

Introduction: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the end of ovarian activity before the age of 40, which is associated with low levels of sex hormones and high levels of gonadotropins. Genetic factors play an essential role in POF. BMP15 and its receptor BMPR1B are members of the TGFβ,superfamily that are expressed in the ovaries and are involved in folliculogenesis. Any changes in these genes may disrupt them. So, this study aimed to assess 4 SNPs in exon 2 of BMP15 and 2 SNPs in exon 9 of BMPR1B genes as candidate SNPs in infertile Iranian women with POF. Materials and Methods: Using the Uniprot database and PCR-SSCP methods, the link between SNPs 443T>C, 468G>A, 538G>A, 598C>T of BMP15, and 945G>A, 1020A>G of BMPR1B gene in 45 women with POF and 45 healthy women with children, without any history of diseases related to folliculogenesis and ovulation were examined as controls. Then, PCR products with mobility shift were sent for sequencing and the results were analyzed with CLC software Results: The results of gel electrophoresis, SSCP, and sequencing graphs of none of the SNPs, did not show a change in the sequence of the patients compared to the control samples. Conclusion: According to the key role of BMP15 in folliculogenesis and previous reports,BMP15 may be effective in the occurrence of POF. The absence of SNPs in these POF patients can be due to the small size of the studied samples and their genetic differences.

Introduction: Adolescent behavioral problems come at a high cost to individuals and communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Anger Management Training Using Stress Inoculation program on affective control in delinquent adolescents. Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of the study, quasi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test and follow-up was performed. Among the statistical population of all adolescent boys of Correction and Rehabilitation Center in Tehran city, 40 subjects were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Before the intervention, participants completed Affective control Scale. Then, the experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 to 120 minutes of training in the "Stress Inoculation Training Program" and the control group did not receive training. After completing the training sessions, as well as two months later, both groups completed the ACS questionnaires again. Result: According to Findings of mixed variance analysis, the affective control scores and its subscales [anger, depression, anxiety and positive affect] in the experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group and during the study stages. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, the educational method used in this study could be used to increase affective control in delinquent adolescents and to prevent the occurrence of aggressive behaviors in them.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the learning styles and the motivational beliefs and self-regulatory of learning in Talented and ordinary students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This research is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all Talented and ordinary master students who studied in the academic year of 2017-2018. A total of 50 people were selected through Purposive sampling. The learning style inventory (LSI) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) were used to measure the variables. Results: The results of data analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the group of talented students and the group of normal students in learning styles and motivational and self-regulatory beliefs of learning (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: These findings can indicate the importance of paying attention to motivational structures and requirements related to learning styles for all students, regardless of their areas of talent and intelligence.

Introduction and purpose: Chronic psychological injuries such as anxiety cause damage to children's emotional processing and regulation. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness skills training on emotional self-regulation of children with anxiety disorder. Methodology: The research method was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage design (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included children with anxiety disorders who were studying in the fourth and fifth grade of primary school in the academic year of 2020-2021 in Tehran. Thirty seven children with anxiety disorder were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 children in the experimental and 17 children in the control group). The children in the experimental group received ten seventy-five minutes sessions of mindfulness skills training during two-and-a-half months. Children's Anxiety Questionnaire (CIQ) (Spence, 1999) and emotional self-regulation Questionnaire (ESRQ) (Shields, Cicchetti, 1998) were used in the present study. The data were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. Findings: The results showed that mindfulness skills training has significant effect on the anxiety (p<0001, Eta=0. 61, F=53. 06) and emotional self-regulation (p<0001, Eta= 0. 68, F=72. 99) in the children with anxiety disorder. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness skills training can be used as an efficient method to decreace anxiety and improve emotional self-regulation of the children with anxiety disorder through Acquiring awareness of emotions, awareness of the five main body senses and applying mindfulness in daily life.

Introduction and purpose: The occurrence of chronic diseases causes damage to the mental and emotional health of people. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on the self-efficacy perceived and self-care behaviors of people with coronary heart disease. Methodology: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of this study included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madain Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. The statistical population included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center of Madayen Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020. 34 Patient with coronary heart disease were selected through voluntarily and purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 patients in the experimental group and 16 patients in the control group). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of unified trans-diagnostic treatment during One and a half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and Self-Care Questionnaire (Galiana et al, 2015). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated Mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results showed that unified trans-diagnostic treatment has significant effect on the self-efficacy (F=34. 07,Eta=0. 51,P<0001) and self-care behaviors (F=72. 83,Eta=0. 67,P<0001) of the cardiac people with coronary heart disease. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that unified trans-diagnostic treatment can be used as an efficient intervention to improve self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of the people with coronary heart disease through employing techniques such as identify emotions, emotional awareness, cognitive reassessment, and identify patterns of emotion avoidance.

Introduction: Patient participation is among the essential factors in providing high-quality and safe services in health care centers and a primary concernfor health system managers and policymakers. This study aimed to identify the components of patient participation in improving the patient safety culture. Methods: The scientific model of this research was based on qualitative interviews with hospital experts (faculty members of universities), and the sampling method was both purposive and snowball. A total of 16 qualitative interviews were conducted with the hospital experts, and the grounded theory technique was adopted to identify the components of patient participation in improving the patient safety culture. The necessity of each component extracted fromthe patient participation model was examined. The research data were analyzed using the coding method in three stages: open, axial, and selective. Results: The results revealed100 unreplicated nodes (codes) extracted based on the conceptual similarities of the composition and 58 common codes. Based on the researchers’,intuition and understanding of the subject, the main components and sub-components of organizational factors (giving a sense of control and responsibility, heavy tasks and the number of manpower, management and leadership, and response to errors), environmental and perceptual factors (safety communication, patient empowerment, teamwork, and evaluation), and treatment decision-making (patient’, s characteristics, patient’, s collaboration, and raising awareness) were categorized as tree nodes. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Patient participation is an important issue in healthcare systems. Patients can play an important role in improving immunity by actively participating in health care. Patient participation is effective in improving the quality and safety of care.

Introduction: Vitamin D3 reduce the risk of viral infections and Zinc deficiency disrupt the function of the immune system of patients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of resistance training and vitamin D and zinc consumption on the levels of lymphocytes in male athletes. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 32 male athletes ( 20 to 30 years) after receiving two doses of Sinopharm vaccine were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into four groups(n=8): control, resistance training, vitamin D and zinc, resistance training + vitamin D and zinc. The training protocol was implemented for six weeks, three sessions per week with intensity (70% of 1RM in the first week and increasing to 90% of 1RM in the last week). The supplement groups received vitamin D, 50, 000 IU for 6 weeks, once a week, and 5 mg/kg zinc for 6 weeks, 5 days a week. Blood samples were taken before and after the training program in fasting state. The statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis was used at the significance level (P ≥,0. 05). Results: The mean values of TCD4 and TCD4/TCD8 in the training group decreased and increased in the supplement and training + supplement groups, which were significant compared to the control group (P = 0. 003). The values of TCD8 in the experimental groups increased, but it was not significant (P=0. 65). Conclusion: performing six weeks of resistance training along with vitamin D and zinc intake improves the performance of the immune system against viral pathogens and increases the effectiveness of the vaccine.

Introduction: A new look at science, including a psychological look at the cognitive functions of the mind, including language, is one of the favorite researches of scientists. One of the psychological functions of the brain in the Turkish constructional variety is the conversion of the phoneme /e/ in the last syllable of feminine nouns into the phoneme [æ, ] in speech. Although most of the female names in this type are loanwords, but all these words are subject to the Banabi type in speech and colloquial language. Of course, it is necessary to explain that this completely depends on education and age. Therefore, the aim of the current research is the effect of psycholinguistic variables (education and age) on the representation of the phoneme /e/ in the final syllable of female nouns in the Banabi variant of Azerbaijani Turkish. Methods: In this research, the data collection method is interview. 60 female names were collected from 60 native speakers of Benabi language after interview. In this way, all these 60 subjects were asked to introduce themselves. Subjects were divided into three groups based on education variable and two groups based on age. Due to the illiteracy of some of the subjects, only verbal and spoken style was examined. The research data were analyzed using column charts. Results: The data analysis shows that psycholinguistic variables (education and age) have an effect on the phonetic representation of the /e/ phoneme in the final syllable of female names of the Banabi variety of Azerbaijani Turkish. Conclusion: In fact, it can be said that the phonetic representation of the phoneme /e/ in this species is a function of psycholinguistic differences.

Introduction Human resource capacity is the most important factor in the survival of organizations such as hospitals which plays an important role in the return and maintenance of patients' physical and mental health,therefore, special attention to empowering people in hospitals is more important than any organization,Therefore, the aim of this study is psychological empowerment based on nurses' lived experiences and reducing work-family conflict and job stress. Materials and Methods: The statistical population was all female nurses of Mashhad hospitals, of which 28 people declared their readiness to participate in the research. Therefore, they were chosen voluntarily and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (14 people in each group). The nurses of the experimental group participated in the psychological empowerment program based on the nurses' lived experiences, and the control group did not receive any intervention. All the participants completed the work-family conflict and nursing stress questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA test. Results: The results showed that the program is effective in reducing work and family conflicts as well as reducing job stress, which is in line with previous research. Conclusion: Psychological empowerment equips nurses with certain characteristics and skills that can be more aware of their thoughts, feelings, emotions and behaviors and the formation or exacerbation of stress in Prevent work environments that also negatively affect family life. Psychological empowerment by emphasizing active behavior instead of reactive behavior makes working people deal with life life events more efficiently and responsibly.

Introduction: ): Narrative therapy (NT) and Good Enough Sex Model (GESM) are models for promoting mental and sexual health in marital identity. The present study examines and compares the effectiveness of these two treatments on the dimensions of sexual attitudes in infertile couples. Methods: Participants were 48 married individuals who referred to the urology, gynecology and sexual health clinics in Tehran with infertility, which was selected thorugh convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into three groups of 16 individuals such as NT, GESM and Control groups. The content of NT and GESM was performed separately for the experimental groups during 4 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect data, the demographic, Dehghani’,sexual attitude questionnaires, was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 26 and descriptive statistics tests and analysis of univariate and multivariate covariance, Bonferroni and mixed analysis of variance. Results: The result of covariance test was significant for all three emotional, cognitive and behavioral variables at 99% confidence level (p<0. 01) and both treatments had a significant effect on improving the cognitive and emotional dimensions of infertile married sexual attitude in the post-test phase (p˂, 0. 05) and only NT were effective in the behavioral dimension of sexual attitude (p˂, 0. 05) but GESM not make a significant difference in the behavioral dimension (P, 0. 05). Also NT has been more successful in promoting the emotional dimension of sexual attitude and in the cognitive dimension, both interventions have acted similarly. Conclusion: Both treatments can be used to enhance the emotional and cognitive dimensions of the sexual attitude in infertile couples.

Introduction: The Present article aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) on the reduction of depression and anxiety and the increase of quality life of women with breast cancer(BC) in Tehran city. Material and Methods: The present research was implemented in quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test design along with control group and 45 days follow-up period. The statistical population were all women with breast cancer under treating in ShahreRey hospital of Tehran during 2022,among them 30 women were selected in voluntarily purposeful method as the sample group of the study and randomly were appointed in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group had received acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) within two months in eight sessions of 90 minutes. The instruments of the study were consisted of Beck’, s Depression and anxiety questionnaires and World’, s Health Organizational questionnaire of quality of life. The gathered data was analyzed in mixed variance analysis through SPSS-24 software. Results: The results demonstrated that the acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) was significantly effective in the reduction of depression and anxiety and the increase of women`s quality of life(p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) consisted of acceptance preparation, changes in expectations and focus of pain, the difference of pain acceptance with tolerance or surrender, an interaction between present and future perspective and the values and commitment behavior, can be applied to decrease BC women’, s depression and anxiety and the improvement of their quality of life.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infectious bacteria in the world and the most common cause of type B gastritis. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of anti-H. pylori antibodies in healthy and asymptomatic people. Methods: A number of 264 people in two age groups, 15-20 and 45-50 years, were selected after completing the questionnaire. A serum sample was prepared from each person and the amount of IgG and IgA antibodies was checked by ELISA method. Results: The frequency of antibodies in the entire population and in two age groups and by gender (girls, boys, women and men) in the case of IgG is 57. 2, 52. 9, 32. 3, 69. 7 and 7. 7 respectively and in the case of IgA it was 10. 6%, 7. 1%, 4. 8%, 5. 2% and 15. 2% respectively. In terms of the amount of positive IgG and IgA, a significant difference was observed between the two age groups (p<0. 05), so that the amount of the two antibodies was higher in the age group of 45-50 years. In terms of gender, no significant difference was observed in the entire population. Also, the amount of positive cases had a direct relationship with the number of family members and an inverse relationship with the income level. Conclusion: Therefore, age and sex (in young people), number of family members, and income had an effect on the frequency of antibodies. It is suggested to improve the economic, health, medical and cultural status of the society in order to reduce the frequency of infection with H. pylori.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Captainlog cognitive software and Pars cognitive rehabilitation package on improving the attention of hearing impaired primary school students with cochlear implants. Materials and Method: A semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan was used to conduct the present study with a control group (two experimental groups: Captainlog cognitive software and Pars cognitive rehabilitation package and a control group). The statistical population of this research included all 9-11-year-old primary school students with hearing loss with cochlear implants who referred to non-governmental rehabilitation centers in Tehran. To select the subjects, 45 children (23 girls, 22 boys) were selected using non-random sampling method and assigned randomly and equally in three groups. The children of each experimental group participated in the educational program for 12 training sessions of 30-45 minutes, two sessions a week. To collect data, the Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children-Fourth Form (WISC-4) and the Stroop Selective Attention Test (Stroop, 1935) were used. The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measurement showed that the training of Captainlog cognitive software (P=0. 003) and Pars rehabilitation package (P=0. 017) for primary school students with hearing loss with cochlear implantation is effective and this effect was stable until the follow-up stage. . Results: The results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of Captainlog cognitive software and Pars cognitive rehabilitation package on improving the attention of primary school students with hearing loss with cochlear implantation (P=0. 635). The use of these two softwares is suggested to all therapists of children with hearing loss with cochlear implants. Conclusion: The effectiveness of Captainlog cognitive rehabilitation software and Pars rehabilitation package on the attention of primary school students with hearing loss with cochlear implants and on the other hand, the attractiveness of Captainlog software and Pars cognitive rehabilitation package, the use of these two cognitive rehabilitation packages for all therapists of children with hearing loss with cochlear implantation in Educational centers are recommended.

Since the beginning of the new millenary, viruses have shown huge epidemiological and pandemic potential: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, pandemic swine flu in 2009, the West African Ebola outbreak in 2014, and last but not least SARS-COV19 in 2019-2022. Undoubtedly, current sensing tools need to be constantly updated to solve the growing challenges in detecting viruses, as viruses change rapidly, mostly from person to person, so indicating the need for early diagnosis. In this review article, databases on common methods of virus detection and their challenges, as well as the introduction of nanobiosensors and the necessity of using biosensors were performed. Our study showed that biosensors have a great impact on the conversion of common analytical methods into new diagnostic strategies, especially the use of nanoparticles in the identification of protein biomarkers and viruses. Also, the need to implement new and innovative tools to achieve the goal of rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral diseases by nanosensors is one of the requirements in the field of disease diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on students' academic motivation and academic excitement. The research method is experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021, from which a sample of 30 people was selected by cluster random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 people. To conduct the research, first, under the same conditions, both groups of per-test were tested using the educational motivation questionnaire of Worland et al. (1992) and the Pekran academic excitement questionnaire,and then, the experimental group was trained in Captain Log cognitive software for 16 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the training sessions on the experimental group, both groups underwent post-test under the same conditions. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention in the experimental group has increased students' motivation and academic excitement (P = 0. 000). Based on the results of these findings, it can be said that teaching the computer cognitive rehabilitation program can be used as a suitable method to increase students' motivation and academic excitement.

Introduction: One of the most important things in life today is "successful Methods: The aim of this study was to predict tolerate ambiguity, learning strategies of self-regulation and social adaptation based on the successful intelligence of female students with a quantitative and correlational method. The study population was single female students with an age range of18to 30years in the Islamic Azad University, Yadegar-e Emam, in the academic year of1399-1400, of which102people were selected as available. The method of data collection was non-random and as available, and due to COVID-19 disease, the questionnaires were prepared through the link and were distributed among the subjects. The questionnaires of Grigorenko and Sternberg successful intelligence, ambiguity tolerance, self-regulatory learning strategies, and social adjustments were used as research tools. Results: Regression method was used to test the main hypothesis and Pearson torque correlation was used for the sub-hypotheses. Given the value of F, which is11, 68, successful intelligence is not a good explanation for dependent variables, but given the value of its significance level of0. 00, which is less than 0. 05, the relationship is significant. Also, considering the values of the level of successful intelligence with self-regulatory strategies and social adjustment that are less than0. 05, these two sub-assumptions are significant. In general, it can be inferred that successful intelligence, has been a factor in increasing the ability and self-regulation and communication skills and adaptation in the social environment. Conclusion: Successful intelligence can be considered as an effective model for better communication at the community level as well as identifying appropriate personal learning strategies in students and a factor for metacognitive beliefs of learning motivation which causes risk-takings that lead to success and exit from the historical humanitarian moment.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases that has affected many people around the world. Regarded to the need for intervention to improve the characteristics of women with breast cancer and little research on the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior, present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior emotional regulation and subjective well-being in women with breast cancer. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. The research population was women with breast cancer referred to Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital of Tehran city in 2019-2020 year. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and via simple randomly method replaced to into three equal groups (each group 15 people). The experimental group trained 10 sessions of 60 minutes by Cognitive Behavior method and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. Data were collected with using, emotional regulation and subjective well-being questionnaires and analyzed by Chi-square, independent t and analysis of variance with repeated measures in SPSS version 19 software. Results: The findings showed that the groups in the pretest stage did not significant difference in terms of emotional regulation and subjective well-being (P>0. 05), but in the post-test and follow-up stages was a significant difference in terms of all two variables (P<0. 001). In addition Cognitive Behavior led to improved emotional regulation and subjective well-being in women with breast cancer (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Using cognitive-behavioral therapy can improve emotional regulation and mental well-being of women with breast cancer.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy on reducing marital burnout and sexual intimacy of couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz. The present research method is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of all couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz has at least 2 years of marriage. To conduct the research, 34 people were selected in a purposeful way based on the entry criteria and randomly replaced in two groups (experimental and control). According to Delavar (2016), the minimum number of groups in experimental research is 15 people. Entry criteria include living together for at least two years (married people have lived together for at least two years), informed consent to participate in the research of couples, at least third-level literacy for couples aged 20 to 40 years, and exit criteria include taking psychiatric drugs and not being absent for more than one session. Participation in other psychological intervention programs. The research tools are the Pines Marital Discomfort Questionnaire (Pines and Nunes, 2003) and the Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire. Botlani et al. (2009) was invalid. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral couple therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The results of data analysis showed that cognitive behavioral couple therapy is effective in reducing marital boredom and sexual intimacy of couples referring to counseling centers in Tabriz.

Introduction: The main purpose of this study is to predict extramarital relationships based on attachment styles mediated by conflict management and forgiveness. Methods: The statistical population of this study is all married men and women referring to family counseling centers under the supervision of Kermanshah Welfare Organization in 1397-1396. According to the statistics obtained from the Welfare Organization, their number was about 420 people. The sampling method was census. The type of this research is descriptive-survey, based on the applied purpose and in terms of quantitative analysis. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. For data collection, the Whitley (2008) Attitudes Toward Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire, Collins and Reed Adult Attachment (2014), Ray et al. (2001), and Wilson-Pontam (1982) Conflict Management Questionnaire were used. Correlation test and structural equations were performed. Results: In order to analyze the data, correlation tests and structural equations have been performed. The results showed that attachment styles with the mediation of conflict management and forgiveness predict extramarital relationships. Conclusion: Conclusion: According to the results, we found that a general assessment to identify the factors affecting marital satisfaction and the tendency to extramarital relationships, according to its role in people's lives, as a factor for the development of societies, to strengthen the foundation of the family and society Use it.

Introduction: Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction on Self-Care Behaviors. But there is research gaps between comparing the effectiveness of two classic cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) and reducing mindfulness-based stress (MBSR) on Self-Care Behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The research was pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population included all type 2 diabetic patients present in Shiraz medical and hospital centers in 2020. Thirty-six diabetic patients were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to three 12-person groups (two experimental groups and one contrast group). Research tools Cohen's Self-Care Behaviors Questionnaire (2000), Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy (Mouse et al., 2015) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Moloudi and Fattahi, 2011,Samadzadeh and Hamkaran, 2018). Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The two cognitive-behavioral therapies of classical behavior and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy have had a significant effect on Self-Care Behaviors in the sample (P <0. 001). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy has been more effective than classical cognitivebehavioral therapy in examining students' perceived stress (P <0. 001),Anxiety has been studied in the sample (P <0. 001). There was no significant difference between the two treatments in terms of the effect on Self-Care Behaviors (P <0. 001). Conclusion: Patients who participated in cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy experienced perceptual stress and experienced less anxiety sensitivity.

Introduction: Infertility is a stressful phenomenon for infertile couples, which is related to their perception of infertility. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of stress management training on perceived stress and the outcome of IVF in women with infertility. Methods: A clinical trial study was conducted on infertile women referred to the Shiraz Infertility Center under IVF. 70 infertile women were selected and those eligible to enter the study were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received an 8-session cognitive-behavioral stress management training program, while the control group did not receive any psychotherapy services. Both groups completed the perceived infertility stress questionnaire before and after the intervention. IVF after one month of investigation and data was analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate and univariate covariance test. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of reducing perceived stress (F = 1031. 68, p = 0. 0005). But there is no significant difference in the result of IVF. Conclusion: It seems that stress management training using cognitive-behavioral strategies can significantly improve the perceived stress of infertile women. This study suggests that stress management training should be included in the treatment program of infertile women.

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was examining the effectiveness of attributional retraining on academic optimism of the sixth elementary students. Methods: The research design was semi experimental with pre-and posttest and control group and Follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of all female sixth grade elementary-school students of hamedan city who were enrolled in academic year of 98-99. Among them, 30 sixth grade elementary students were selected using sampling available method to train attributional retraining. They emplaced in two 15 students experimental and witness groups. In order to measure the academic optimism students answered to Scheier & Carver’, s Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) (1994) as pre-test and Test for pre-test, post-test and follow up stage. Then, the experimental group received 11, 90-min sessions of attributional retraining while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the attributional retraining statistically, significantly improved the academic optimism of the sixth elementary students (P≥, 0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, the attributional retraining could be as an efficient method in increasing academic optimism.