Year:2007 | Volume:20 | Issue:2 ( 75 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:40

Aflatoxins, are secondary metabolites fungal products with carcinogenic and teratogenic effect especially with the effect on p 53 suppressor gene. From these groups of toxins, Aflatoxin B1 is produced from some species of Aspergillus (Aspergillus jlavous and A. parasiticus) can contaminate animal feed, hydrolyzed and changed to the aflatoxin M1 and transmit to the milk consumers. In one year seasonal survey, 319 randomly selected raw milk samples which obtained from dairy farms and milk collecting centers from 15 dairy plants were analyzed with validated immunoaffinity HPLC method. 54% of samples are contaminated with mean 0.0564 ug/Kg and median 0.0170 ug/Kg with SD=0.1368 and Variance = 0.0187, more than 44% of samples are below 0.01 ug/Kg and 77% of samples are below 0.05 ug/Kg. Based on the statistical analysis, the level of the contamination in dairy farms and milk collecting centers were similar. The level of contamination could be directly influenced on the season and the factory place parameters. The kind of the dairy farm and milk collecting centers are indirectly contributed on the level of contamination with bilateral effect with seasonal variation.

Fishery Administration Elahi, M, Expert of Kermanshah Veterinary Administration. This study was done for 25 days from 11March, 2002 to 9 April, 2002 on 95 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for finding the treatment dosage of praziquantel (droncit): It was showed that all of the fish were infected by diplostomiasis (100%). The average of the parasites after calculating in the eyes of grower fish and brood stock fish were 36.5 and 16.11 respectively. These investigations showed that the minimum dosage for treatment against diplostomiasis by praziquantel was 1 mg/lit for 24 hours, in dipping bath. This dosage and treatment time is the reasons of all parasites death. It is also possible to use the dosages of 2 mg/lit/24 hours and 10 mg/lit/24hours for treatment. The results of the present investigation showed that the dosage of 100 mg/lit 1 h and higher can cause many disorders and also the death of the fish. The effective dose of treated fish with the dosages of 10 mg/lit/6h and 100 mg/lit/lh showed that the results were 89.15 and 81.11 percent. So It is clear that the time of contact between drug and parasite is directly effective in treating.

Significant biochemical differences exist between sharks and vertebrated fishes. The level of nonproteinous nitrogenous material in sharks is 8 times more than other marine creatures. The system of absorbing and excreting urea in sharks is outstanding among fishes. High content of blood urea and TMAO help this animal keep the osmotic pressure balanced. So they are able to live in both salt-water & fresh water. To prevent spoilage, blood extraction has to be performed after hunting. This step cannot performed completely in large sharks because the blood gushes out not jets out.. The idea of this research was based on the reports of unpleasant smell of fishes presented in the market which are sold as Acipeneer Stellatus and some cases of allergy &hypersensitivity. In this survey which was carried out during autumn & winter from small refrigerating rooms in the region of Sarcheshmeh, 34 cases (74%) of sharks and 38 (53%) of other fishes were selected. These fishes that were transported to preserving room simultaneously were sampled by experts and transferred to the laboratory quickly. The result of examination was reported according to TVN test to distinguish fish spoilage. From 34 cases of shark, 29 (85/29%) were not suitable for consuming because of having high index of TVN test. The remaining cases (14/7%) were about to Spoil and so were not appropriate for presenting in the market. From the second group (38 cases) among which 10 fishes were cut into pieces, just 8 cases (21%) were not suitable for cooking. 10 cases(26.4%) were at the border of being spoilage and the rest(52.6%) were suitable to be consumed by costumers The majority of unsuitable or low quality cases were those which were cut into pieces.

In this study, performance records of the native Fars chickens collected by the Fars Native fowls Breeding Centers, during 1988 to 1999 were analyzed. The multi-trait animal model and restricted maximum likelihood procedure was used to estimate heritability, correlations between traits and breeding values. Estimates of heritabilities were 0.68, OAO,0.64 and OA9 for body weight at 12 weeks (BW12), egg number (EN), egg weight (EW) and age of sexual maturity(ASM), respectively. The Cumulative genetic gains, after 8 generations of selection, expressed by regression coefficients of breeding values on generation for BW12, EN, EW and ASM, were 22.73,0.17,0.04 and -1.38, respectively. A pedigree file collected on 21245 female and male birds was used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient. The average inbreeding coefficients for all birds were 0.048%, and ranged from zero to 25%. In this population, 8% of the birds were inbred, and average inbreeding coefficients for inbred bird was 0.67% Due to relatively high heritability of productive and reproductive traits, it is possible to achieve more progress in these traits using appropriate genetic selection.

These days, with regard to food and industrial value of starch, wastewater containing starch is one of the main source of environmental contaminant in developing countries. In this research, after isolation and identification of an amylase producing yeast called Cryptococcus aerius which was capable of raw and soluble starch assimilation, single cell protein (SCP) production with three different culture patterns was investigated in lab fermenters with total volume of 7 1. In the first pattern, which was a pure-culture of C. aerius on raw wheat starch, final biomass and raw cell protein production was less than the second pattern of culture which was a coculure of C. aerius and S. cerevisiae. In the third culture pattern which was a modification of the second culture pattern, due to incomplete carbohydrate assimilation by yeasts, BOD5 decrease was not considerable. Finally it was proved that with the second culture pattern, 85- 95% of BOD5 was decreased (compared with the initial wastewater) and biomass with 40.2% (w/w) raw protein content could be achieved.

In order to assess of tick resistance against domestic commercial acaricidal compounds, a standard technique is the main requirement of a resistance test. It should be capable for application to any commercial formulated pesticide, the next requirement is simplicity and high susceptibility of test and also the low cost of the test have been interested. In this study, the lack of FAO's impregnated filter paper pocket has been dissolved, whereby, the filter paper can be easily imperegnated with each concentration of commercial acaricides then instead of having sandwich paper, it was modified in pocket shape. Our modification might have some advantages in having the same suitability of resistance screening of each insecticde as reference material. Probit analysis of these results indicated that minimum lethal concentration to kill 50 % of tick larvae of Boophilus annulatus was 0.003 and expected concentration to give 99% mortality of the tick larvae was 0.01 which equal to 1:20 of the recommended dose of diazinon. It can be concluded that obtained base line data and reggration line are drown to fit this point that it revealed, the tick populations did not show any resistance status in this monitoring test.

For studying protein electrophoretic pattern of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, this study was conducted on 16 bacteria isolated from ovine caseous lymphadenitis, and they were compared with C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from cattle. All of microbial specimens underwent electrophoresis in SDS - PAGE method in the presence of low molecularly weight (LMWM) protein marker on discrete system gel % 5 - 10polyacrylamid. Totally 17 protein bands with molecular weight ranging 25- 220 KDA were observed in the understudied bacteria. As a result, the proteins31,53,64, and 68 KDA were identified in all strains of nitrate positive and negative bacteria, proteins 37, 38 KDA in biotype II , nitrate positive (isolated from cattle) and proteins 25, 35, 39, 40, 48 and 120KDA in biotype I , nitrate negative C.pseudotuberculosis (isolated from sheep).

Oncorhyn'chus mykiss is said to be first species in family of salmonidae. In servers as one of the cheapest source of protein for human being from aquaculture in Iran. Against of this background, culture of this specimen was done at the Shahid Khiani farm, Chuebde under aquaculture division, Azad Islamic university, Abadan. Main objective of thi pilot project was to study proper utilization of pond water resources in winter at Choaebdeh to produce cheap protein source. Culture was started from December 2003 and harvested during March 2004. There earthen ponds of 0.5 ha water spread area of each were stocked with 5000 no of finger ling of 45 gm ABW at each pond initially. Fish were fed with chine trout feed GFT-1 and GFT-2 by following as per demand feeding method. Biometry was done once in 15 days. Physico-chemical parameters of water of these ponds were recorded daily during entire culture period. Finally, after harvesting data were analized to get lengh-weight relationship as well as one-way ANOVA was done by using MINITAB, EXCEL. In case of all these three groups, growth rate showed linear and isometrical. (b) Value among all three groups showed non-significant growth rate.

Blood of 95 Arab and 24 Turkman horses were collected. Horses were divided into four sex, age groups: 1-36, 37-72, 73-144 and> 144 months, serum electrolytes (calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, sodum and potassium) and non electrolytes (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinin, uric acid, direct, indirect and total bilirubin and Blood urea nitrogen)(Bun) were measured by Autoanalyser (Eppendorph). Results showed many differences (p<0.05) among groups.

Sarcocystiosis caused by different sarcocystis species is a zoonotic protozoan infection with worldwide distribution in man and many species of animals. In the present work, four techniques were investigated for diagnosis of sarcocystis infection in slaughtered sheep in Tabriz, Iran. In the first, 400 sheep slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse were selected randomly during a year. Then their esophagus, shoulder muscles, thigh muscles, diaphragm and heart were inspected using necked eye examination. In the second step, the infection was investigated in the meat of 150 carcasses of sheep by three techniques of, smear with or without staining and pepsin digestion. For digestion of muscles, the tissues were minced and poured in digestion medium containing pepsin, HCl and NaCl. The digestion was done at 40°c for 60 min, and then the sediment was microscopically examined for presence of cystizoites. The percentage of macroscopic cysts were 24.7%, 16.2%, 17.7% 27%, and 2.2% for each muscles of esophagus, thigh muscles, shoulder muscles, diaphragm and heart respectively. Meanwhile the microscopic type found in 100% of the organs. However, the sensitivity of stained smear was less than pepsin digestion method but it is superior to non-stained smear method. In general, the pepsin digestion is found the most sensitive method for diagnosis of Sarcocystis in the meats of animals.Although 100% of sheep were found infected with Sarcocystis but the majority of the cysts were demonstrated microscopically. Means, the meat should cook sufficiently without considering the macroscopically meat inspection results.

Due to identification of shrimp farms effluent situation. 15 stations selected in three area (supply water, drainage and Gwater Gulf) in east of Cahabar in Sistan and Balouchestan province. Sampling of water have done for determination of phosphate, organic phosphorus and total phosphorus from June to December 2004. The results of this research showed that these areas had different environment. The Phosphate, organic phosphorus and total phosphorus have increased in drainage in final period (Sep, Oct, Nov) where, as it increased in Gwater Gulf after monsoon. The results of one way ANOVA showed significant difference among stations (p<0.05) considering that 25% farms were active during this study, therefore it can be concluded that value phosphate, organic phosphor and total phosphorus were at range of license in shrimp farming effluent.

Hemiscorpius lepturusis the most dangerous scorpion of Khuzestan, the south- west, hot and humidprovince of Iran. Sever and fatal clinical manifestations and death is complication seen flowing Hemiscorpius lepturus sting. Considering the importance of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion sting problem as medical and health, the present study was conducted to identify habitats of its. The descriptive study was carried out on 16places in Khuzestan province and with 16 sampling using rock-rolling, black light, digging and investigation of mud wall and injected of water in barrow of scorpion methods in Khuzestan from 2002-2003. In 6 locations of a total of 236 Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion were collected. The average rate of sampling was 39.33. Habitats of this scorpion were: under the rocks, crevice and barrow of mud walls, under the tree barks and anywhere had moist soil. More scorpions is trapped using rock-rolling method and seems Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion is mainly Lithophilic and Hygrophilic.

The seasonal effect (Spring and Summer versus Autumn and Winter) on wool characteristics of Baluchi ewes were studied. The 58 female sheep 1-3 ages from Abas Abad station in East-North of Iran were selected for two years. Twice wool samples were collected from midside in Spring and Autumn. The traits studied were fleece weight at birth, 1, 2 and 3 years age - staple length at shoulder, flank and rump parts - fiber length (Hauteur and Barbe) - mean fiber diameter and coefficient of varstion - tenacity and breaking force. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement and general liner model (GLM) using SAS software package. The result indicated that fleece weight was significantly affect by age and were 1.98±0.061, 1.15±0.03 and 2.12±0.07Kg for lamb, yearling and two years old respectively (p<0.001). At three years old fleece shorn in spring was significantly higher (2.23±0.08 kg) than that yearling (1.78±0.04kg) and two years old (1.63±0.07kg). Spring and Autumn staple lengths of shoulder, flank and rump parts were significantly different and were effected by age (p<0.001). Staple length at rump was longer than shoulder and flank. However the shoulder, flank and rump staple length in yearling Autumn wool (5±0.17, 5.14±0.17and 5.7±0.17cm), 2nd Spring wool (8.02±0.17, 6.9±0.18 and 8.76±0.18cm), 2nd Autumn wool (4.7±0.17,4.8±0.18 and 5.6±0.17cm) and 3rd Spring wool were (9.8±0.18, 8.9±0.17 and 9.8±0.18cm) res. (p<0.001). Spring and Autumn wool fiber length that measured by Hauteur and Barbe system were significantly (p<0.0001) different for ages. In yearling sheep, Autumn wool fiber diameter (32.2±0.3mu) was coarser than in spring wool at two and three age old (26.8±0.3 and 26.8±0.3mu) res. And also from autumn wool at two years age (24.5±0.3 mu). But of course coefficient of varision of mean fiber diameter in Autumn was significant (p<0.0001) from Spring wool. Tenasity force of wool in Spring at three ages (5.6±0.2gf/ tex) was significantly different from Spring and Autumn wool at second age (4.4±0.2, 2.01±0.25 gf/tex) and Autumn yearling wool (3.6±0.4gf/tex). Also it was significantly different between above mentioned charectertics for breaking load 4.8±0.2Kg fversus 3.8±0.2, 2.8±0.2 and 2.25±0.2Kgf. Res (p<0.0001).

The seasonal effect (Spring and Summer versus Autumn and Winter) on wool characteristics of Baluchi ewes were studied. The 58 female sheep 1-3 ages from Abas Abad station in East-North of Iran were selected for two years. Twice wool samples were collected from midside in Spring and Autumn. The traits studied were fleece weight at birth, 1, 2 and 3 years age - staple length at shoulder, flank and rump parts - fiber length (Hauteur and Barbe) - mean fiber diameter and coefficient of varstion - tenacity and breaking force. The data were analyzed by repeated measurement and general liner model (GLM) using SAS software package. The result indicated that fleece weight was significantly affect by age and were 1.98±0.061, 1.15±0.03 and 2.12±0.07Kg for lamb, yearling and two years old respectively (p<0.001). At three years old fleece shorn in spring was significantly higher (2.23±0.08 kg) than that yearling (1.78±0.04kg) and two years old (1.63±0.07kg). Spring and Autumn staple lengths of shoulder, flank and rump parts were significantly different and were effected by age (p<0.001). Staple length at rump was longer than shoulder and flank. However the shoulder, flank and rump staple length in yearling Autumn wool (5±0.17, 5.14±0.17and 5.7±0.17cm), 2nd Spring wool (8.02±0.17, 6.9±0.18 and 8.76±0.18cm), 2nd Autumn wool (4.7±0.17,4.8±0.18 and 5.6±0.17cm) and 3rd Spring wool were (9.8±0.18, 8.9±0.17 and 9.8±0.18cm) res. (p<0.001). Spring and Autumn wool fiber length that measured by Hauteur and Barbe system were significantly (p<0.0001) different for ages. In yearling sheep, Autumn wool fiber diameter (32.2±0.3mu) was coarser than in spring wool at two and three age old (26.8±0.3 and 26.8±0.3mu) res. And also from autumn wool at two years age (24.5±0.3 mu). But of course coefficient of varision of mean fiber diameter in Autumn was significant (p<0.0001) from Spring wool. Tenasity force of wool in Spring at three ages (5.6±0.2gf/ tex) was significantly different from Spring and Autumn wool at second age (4.4±0.2, 2.01±0.25 gf/tex) and Autumn yearling wool (3.6±0.4gf/tex). Also it was significantly different between above mentioned charectertics for breaking load 4.8±0.2Kg fversus 3.8±0.2, 2.8±0.2 and 2.25±0.2Kgf. Res (p<0.0001).

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) might be the most important viral disease of avian species, including poultry. The emergence of genetic engineering technology provided the industry with new methods of manufacturing vaccines. The fusion protein, along with haemagglutin in-neuraminidase, serves as the target for the immune response of the host after extraction of RNA from the B1 vaccinal strain of NDV, the viral RNA was converted to cDNA by a specific primer. The cDNA was amplificated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. To confirm tlte nature of the PCR product, the amp icon was digested with Sacl and ECoRI restriction enzymes, the intact PCR product of fusion gene was cloned in pUC18 vector which had been digested with XbaI and BamHI enzymes. After of successful ligation, the constructed plasmid was transformed into DH5aa  E.coli. Plasmid DNA from transformed bacteria was extracted in white clony and potential positive clones were confirmed with restriction digestion. Construction of a recombinant pUC18 plasmid containing the fusion gene was achieved as a first step towards the expression in transgenic plant.

In this study we recognized the plants of Fars province that honey bees used their nectar, pollen or both of them. For this purpose, we observed the kinds of activity of honey bees on flowers, directly and used polynology. We collected all of the plants that honey bees used them at different seasons. Also flowering periods of these plants were appointed. The speciments after pressing and drying were determined according to national and international valid references. The pollens were collected by making pollen traps in front of colony. Then pollens acetolysed according to wodehouse method. All pollen samples were prepared for light microscope and their size were measured by micrometer. Consequently 82 families, 279 genera, 372 species of plants were recognized. From these plants 18.8% are belong to Asteraceae, 10.3% are belong to papilionaceae and 6.7% are belong to Lamiaceae, respectively. There are many different families that honey bees used less than those. 247 species are forbs, 47 species are bush trees, 54 species are trees. 18 species are shrubs and 6 species are grasses. 65 species have excellent attractiveness, 147 species have good attractiveness, 107 species have mean attractiveness and 53 species have weak attractiveness. 29 species produce nectar, 99 species produce pollen and 242 species produce both of nectar and pollen.

This experiment was conducted at the bactrian camel research center; Jahadabad, Meshginshahr, Ardabil, during the rutting season to investigate the effect of sucrose extender with different levels of osmolality on the viability of bactrian camel sperm. Semen was collected from ten camel bulls with a modified bovine artificial vagina. Sucrose diluents with the adjusted pH to 6.9 and osmolalities of 292, 331, 356, 386 and 410 mosm/kg were made using respective 9,10,11,12 and 13percent sucrose media containing 20% egg yolk and antibiotics. The semen was homogenized, diluted at the rate of 1: 10, maintained at chilled condition (40c)and evaluated immediately (time 0), 4, 12 and 24 hours after incubation at 4.c, for sperm progressive forward motility, plasma membrane integrity and live percentage of spermatozoa. Considering progressive forward motility and plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa, 10 percent sucrose diluents was more suitable for preservation of semen at chilled condition for 4 hours compared to other osmolalities. The viability of bactrian camel spermatozoa declined drastically by 4 hours compared to time 0 (p<0.05). In conclusion, isotonic sucrose extender (330 mosm/kg i.e., 10percent) with pH of 6.9 is better than 9, 11, 12 and 13 percent for short-term preservation of bactrian camel semen at chilled storage condition.

The sinu-atrial node (SAN) enables the heart to pulsate continuously by producing impulses. Regarding that cardiovascular disorders are among the main causes of death in human being and as the histological information about the SAN of ovine fetuses is basically needed in various fields of animal sciences, such as histology, anatomy, physiology, pathology and cardiology, the present study was planned to provide this basic information in this area. A detailed study was conducted on the SAN of two and four month fetuses (n= 4 each). Its shape was relatively cone shaped. The cells of the ovine fetus were occurred as strands of cells. There were color differences between those and the ordinary myocardial cells of the right atrium. This difference and also the amount of collagen frame and nerve supply were greater in four month old fetuses. In general, the percentage of P cells in the SAN of ovine fetus was high and the number of these cells was higher in two month fetuses compared with four months old. There were one or some arterioles near the periphery of the cranial and at the interatrial septum, which supply it. The results were compared with the available data on the human being and other species and the clinical significance of some of the results have been discussed.

Population dynamics and annual biomass of the Nereis diversicolor in 1, 2 and 3 meter depths of the Gorgan Bay (Bandargaz coast) was studied in the years 2004-2005. Results revealed the highest density and biomass were in 3 meter depth in Spring and Winter and in 2 meter depth in other seasons (p<0.05). The highest and lowest average density and biomass of this worm were observed in 3 and 1 meter depths, respectively (845.37±664.06 and 658.23±622.61 ind/m2, and 2571.29±2828.56 and 2065.50±2500.26 mg/m2). Significant seasonal differences in the population of this worm were observed (p<0.05), so that the highest density and biomass in all depths were encountered in Spring and the lowest density and biomass in all depths Were observed in Winter. Result of this research showed that biomass and density of this worm have increased by on comparison with the previous studies.

This trial was conducted in order to investigation effects of fattening periods on growth and carcass characteristics of male Turkey-Ghashghaii lambs. Eighty lambs with age of 90±7 days and with an average of 23.1±2.5 kg body weight were used. At the end of each periods (60, 90, 120 and 150 days) 16 lambs were slaughtered for evaluating the carcass characteristics. Results indicated fattening period showed a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on body weight and feed conversion ratio, whereas, had not significant effect on daily gain, carcass efficiency and meat percentage (p>0.05). There was a significant effect on fat and bone percentage (p<0.05) while by increasing of fattening period, fat percentage increased but bone percentage decreased. The most of carcass meat (49.8%), fat (17.9%) and bone (19.2%) have been seen after 120, 150 and 60 days respectively and the least of them (47.1, 13.7 and 13.9%) have been seen after 150, 60 and 150 days respectively. By increasing of fattening period fat-tail percentage increased. The highest (20.1%) and the lowest (17.4%) fat-tail have been after 150and 60 days" respectively. The eye muscle length in different fattening period were 11.07, 14.23, 15.50 and 15.73 cm2 respectively and was highly significant (p<0.01) on 60 days fattening and other periods. Fattening period had significant effect on carcass composition. With increasing fattening period, percentage of moisture, protein and ash decreased but fat percentage increased (p<0.05). The 90- day period has the best performance due to the lowest feed conversion, highest daily weight gain and the best carcass characteristics.

Sperm morphological study on 21 Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) showed that the mid sperm length, sperm width, total length of sperm, sperm density and spermatocrit were 9.48 m, 1.8 m, 62.3 m, 2.92 x 109/ml and 11% respectively and there were significant differences between male characteristics. The statistics showed a significant relationship between sperm density and spermatocrit (r2=78.75). All of the morphological features in this species were greater than the beluga sperm characters. There was no significant relationship between sperm density with flagella length, total length of sperm, fish total length and weight and condition factor in the Persian sturgeon.

Manufacturing organizations are complex systems where the interactions between the various functions sales, distribution, manufacturing, materials, finance, human resources, and maintenance have to be managed towards a common purpose of delivering the customers maximum value at the optimum price. However, since most of these organizations have a Functional Structure, each function/department works towards their own goals and objectives, rather than the organizational goals. This is further aggravated because information flow is restricted by functions, and even when other functions want to take a holistic view, they do not have the information to do so. These are the issues addressed by enterprise resource planning software solutions providing a common, consistent system to capture data organization wide, with minimum redundancy. ERP integrates the information across functions, and provides a set of tools for planning and monitoring the various functions and processes and ensuring progress towards a common purpose. We decide to introduce a model for measurement of performance of an organization and enterprise which they are using total systems or ERP. Till yet there are no any tools which can measurement the performance of an enterprise and achievement of goals. So in this time we try to summarize the ERP and performance measurement survey. In the following sections, we describe the history, Basic conceptual related to ERP and total systems, life cycle of develop and use of these systems and finally we focus on performance measurements of organizations which using the ERP or total systems.

To determine the electrophoretic patterns of Fasciola hepatita and F gigantica, the former was collected from sheep and buffalo infected liver and the latter from that of cattle and camel and were washed in PBS. Somatic antigens of both species were prepared though homogenization and centrifugation of adult flukes. To show the eclrophoretic patterns of somatic antigens, the prepared antigens were electrophoresed using SDS-PAGE. Our findings revealed that proteins of 18-70 kDa molecular weights were present in both species in different hosts. Although a 57 kDa protein was seen in Fasciola gigantica of cattle and camel only. Meanwhile two bands of 54 and 68 kDa were seen exclusively in Fhepatica of sheep and buffalo. A band of 64 kDa was shown in F.hepatica of buffalo. According to our results in any study on immunological or immunodiagnostic of Fasciola spp, the species trematode as well as their hosts should be taken in consideration.

This study was carried out on four shrimp (12 pond) farms in Abadan region, 192 specimen of fenaeus indicus were caught alive and transferred to the lab. From hepatopancreas and haemolymph of shrimp, microbial culture on TCBS and TSA media and also TSA with 1.5-2.5 percent of salt was done. After purification and biochemical experiments and Gram staining, The specimen were diagnosed. The results showed that in hemolymph of 114 specimen (%59.37) and in hepatopancreas of 86 specimen (% 46.8) vibrio spp. (V.harveyi and V. alginolyticus) were isolated. Also in haemolyph of 89 specimen (%46.35) and in hepatopancreas of 68 specimen, (%35.42) Flavobacterium sp. Were isolated. In hepatopancreas of 8 specimen (%4.2) Aeromonas sp. Was isolated. The most important isolated bacteria was V. harveyi, is known as luminous bacterial diseases.

The objective of this cross-sectional survey was to determine the prevalence rate of foreign bodies in fore stomachs of sheep regarding of kind, number, position and penetration of them. By systematic random sampling 435 slaughtered sheep have selected from slaughter houses of Torbat-e-Heydarieh. The sex and age of the sheep according to dental formula was recorded. Adhesion between reticulum and other organs, pregnancy condition, rumen and reticulum foreign bodies, kind and number of foreign bodies and penetration position were recorded. The results were analyzed statistically by chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests. Statistical analysis showed that 51.3% of animals have no foreign bodies, 44.4% have non metallic and 0.9% has metallic foreign bodies. 3.4% have even both metallic and non metallic foreign bodies (92%). There was no significant association between numbers of foreign bodies with age (p=0.6464), sex (p=0.7325) and pregnancy condition (p=0.7325). It was conducted that pastures are the main source of sheep's food in Torbat-e-Heydarieh and also other sites of Iran. High prevalence of foreign bodies in fore stomachs of sheep (48.7%7) is a result of the drought in several years ago that led to starvation and pica and subsequently foreign bodies ingestion.

The present investigating was carried out to determine crayfish population in north waters of Iran by the molecular markers method and morphmetric, meristic characteristics comparison, during 2002 - 2003 years. This species included two subspecies namely. A.l. leptodactylus dominated in muddy substrates of Anzali wetland as well as Aras dam and A. l. eichwaldi, which lives in southern coastal brackish waters of the Caspian Sea in Anzali region. This article compares the meristic characteristics differences between Anzali wetland and Aras dam populations. According to available data 20 meristic characters were found during this study. Data analyzed used canonical discrimental function analyze. High differences were showed with the number of first propods, and edge of their carapace spines and rostrum shape as well. It must be emphasis that their other meristic characteristics did not show any differences.

In this experiment sixty four Arabic male lambs 4 to.5 months age (and average weight 23.22 Kg±3.42) were used in a completely randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks (4 animals per each block) and fattened for 90 days. The forage contents portion of the diet in different percentage of Prosopis juliflora pods were 0, 15, 30 and 45 percent. The animals were weighted each 15 days interval, and the feed consumption was recorded every day. After finishing the fattening period, the lambs were weighted and then slaughtered. The percentage of meat, fat and bone in relative to cold carcass were determined. The results of P.juliflora pod for crude protein and crude fiber were 13.07, 22.47, percent respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) for initial weight, final weight, body weight gain, average dry matter intake and feed conversion between treatments. The total body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of different treatments were 15.99, 16.29, 16.15, 16.86 kg and 6.25, 6.56, 6.73 and 6.31 respectively. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) between control group and the other treatments for different traits of live body weight, cold and hot carcass weight, carcass efficiency, the percentage of carcass meat, fat and bone. The results of hot and cold carcass weight and dressing percentage for treatments were 19.68, 19.41, 18.79, 18.88.kg and 19.05, 19.08, 18.25, 18.43 kg and 46.98, 46.60, 46.79, 46.45 percent respectively. It is concluded that up to 45 percent of concentrate can be replaced with Prosopis juliflora pod without any significant decrease in body weight gain and growth rate of fattening lambs.

In August 2003 about 64 individuals African green monkeys (Cereopithicus aetiopes) were imported from Tanzania to Razi Institute of Iran. They were fed daily with fruits, vegetables and water was offered ad libitum. Each animal was in a separate metal cage. Daily cleaned waste materials on a regular basis. A 2.5 Kg African young male 5 days after its importation showed depression, no appetite, and pain feeling at abdominal palpation. This monkey dead with weekness and emaciation 10 days after arrival. At necropsy numerous whitish encapsulated nymph of Armillifer armillatus were found in or on the mesenteries of pritoneal cavity. Although this case is from imported animals and zoonosis of it is established in the world. On the other hand we need and use some kind of imported animals in research places it is logical to inform people who keep and work with definitive and intermediate hosts.