Year:2003 | Volume:16 | Issue:(60 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:19

This study was conducted for examining the yellow fin tuna catch from surface and mid-water gill nets set of five net stretched mesh sizes including 145 (Control, filament size of 36/210 D), 170,197,215 and 237 mm (filament size of 54/210 D) with a net height of 14m, made of nylon twine (Polyamide) and a hanging ratio of 1:2 through Lange boat in Oman sea (Sistan and Ba1uchistanprovince). It should be mentioned that the 145mm mesh size was not considered in the last one method because of some reasons. Of 22 netting’s made on March (8 times) and May (14 times) 2002, 19 and 3 netting’s were made by surface and mid-water (6 meter depth) ones, respectively. According to the data obtained from surface one, the 215 mm mesh size constituted the highest proportion of both total and gilled yellow fin caught. A comparison of total weight caught by mesh size showed varying differences when tested with a one-way ANOVA. As well as, the results obtained by Duncan test indicated four distinct groups that the fish weight obtained from 215 mm mesh size accounted for the major one. Analysis of data ITom145mm mesh size indicated that 30% of the total catch fell out of the net during hauling and lifting on board. This is an indicative of being unsuitable of the mesh size for catching the species in the local water. There was no significant difference between mean fork length among mesh size when tested with a one-way ANOVA. The results obtained from fish caught in three parts of net (top, middle, down) indicated that fish came from the middle part were the highest proportion of total fish captured. According to the results, the mesh size of 215 mm is the best mesh size for catching yellow fin tuna in the surface gill net and will be. a suitable replacement for the 145mm mesh size. Similar to the surface gill net, 215 mm mesh size caught the highest proportion and weight to the total fish captured in mid-water one. It needs to do further study to compare the two gill nets mentioned above through the same mesh sizes in the same situation (time and area) as well as obtaining the best depth for netting in mid-water gill net.

The ectoparasite varroa reproduction is only in the honey bee capped brood cells. Chemicals materials had been used to control parasitic bee mites, such as formic acid. In this survey, influence of formic acid 65% on varroa mites mortality in sealed broods of honey bee considered in incubator. The combs ( sealed broods) selected from infested colonies , and divided to three groups: 1- treated with acid at 24 h , 2 - treated with acid at 96 h , and 3 - control at 96 h . The combs incubated in 32oC and 50 Rh%. Then, sealed broods with and without mites, alive and dead mites counted. The data were analyzed (p < 0.05 ) and it was show that mean of number of cells with dead mites for treatments were 15.83 , 56.32 and 7.36 % , respectively. The second and the third treatments had significant difference. But did not have significant different between the first and the second, and between the first and control. Results showed that formic acid as during applied effectively 89%kills mother and nymphs of mites in sealed brood cells, during 96 h .

A 40- week-old layer flock, with 22600 hens, with ocular and nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, hemorrhagic exudates together with dyspnea was referred to a private veterinary clinic in East- Azarbayejan, Iran. Morbidity, mortality and loss of egg production were 50-60%, 2.98% and 18% respectively. At necropsy, congestion and hyperemia with severe hemorrhages in larynx and trachea were present. Histopathologic examinations revealed severe edema, hyperemia and mild infiltration by mononuclear cells in sub mucosa; and edema, hyperemia and heavy infiltration by mononuclear and polymorph nuclear cells in lamina properia. Laryngeal and tracheal epithelia were sloughed off, and causing occlusion of larynx and trachea. Multinucleated syncytial cells which had large and eosinophilic (H&E staining) or basophilic (Giemsa staining) intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in the exudates. The presence of specific antibodies against ILT virus in the sera of infected flock was confirmed by using of ELl SA Kit.

Diversity and similarity indices of Zooplanktons of Bahoo-Kalat estuary at south-east of Iran were studied. Samples were collected with 55 µ plankton net from November 1996 to December 1997. The minimum and maximum amounts of shannon diversity index were observed at January and September. This index at January was significantly different ITomDecember, August and September (post-mosson). Qualitative similarity (Jaccard index) of zooplanktons between sampling months were approximately at the same level, but quantitative similarity (Kaczynski index) had different amounts. Jaccard indices of sampling stations were similar, but Kaczynski indices only between neighboring stations were similar.

In this study, the uteri of 96 non-pregnant camels slaughtered in Yazd province of Iran were examined grossly and histopathologically. Grossly, uterine lesions were present in 17.7% that included numerous white nodules in uterine wall (4.16%), acute endometritis (2.08%), chronic endometritis (1.04%), brown foci due to hemosiderosis (6.25%), petechial and diffuse hemorrhages (4.16%), ovarian hydrobursitis (1.04%), hydrosalpinx (1.04%) and Para ovarian cysts (2.08%). Histopathologically, uterine lesions were present in 40.62% that included acute purulent endometritis (7.29%), sub acute endometritis (8.33%), chronic endometritis (9.37%), non-granulomatous metritis (6.25%), glaucomatous metritis (3.12%), endometrial hyperplasia (1.04%) and adenomyosis (5.2%). Based on the results of this study, the most frequent lesions were endometritis (25%) and merits (9.37%), thus it could be concluded that endometritis and merits may have an important role in Iranian . dromedary camel infertility.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of clinopetilolite - rich tuff (CP) and sodium- bicarbonate (SB) on blood metabolites, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. A balanced change - over design with 4 rations, 4 periods (21 days) and 4 cows per ration were employed. The ingredients of control ration (I)were alfalfa hay (17.1%), corn silage (16.2%) and concentrate (66.7%) on dry matter basis. Experimental rations contained, 1%SB (2)., 0.5% SB+ CP (3) and 6%CP (4), respectively. The means of plasma cholesterol were 208.5, 197.0,251 and 214.5 mg/dl for cows received ration 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. The use of either sodium bicarbonate or clinoptilolite did not significantly affect the plasma Ca, P, Mg, Cl, Na and K. pH of the rumen and urine were higher fou ration 2,3, and 4 than ration 1 (p< 0.05). The actual means of daily milk yield of the cows that received rations 1,2,3 and 4 were 23.53, 24.2, 25.24, 25.45 kg/d and milk fat% 3.18,3.39,3.3 and 3.44, proteten, respectively. The average dry matter intake per kg fat corrected milk for rations 1-4 were, 0.82, 0.87, 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. The pH of rumen liquore of the cows receiving ration 2, 3, 4 was significantly higher than ration I (p< 0.05) .The pH of urine of the cows receiving ration 2 was higher than others (p< 0.05 ). Also, concentration of glucose, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorine, sodium, pottasium, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and urea in plasma of cows receiving different rations were slightly in general, the results of this experiment indicated that the use of c1inoptiloliteand sodiom bicarbonate in ration of dairy cows is recommendable.

Ten 40-week-old layers were necropsies in a 50000 Ross308-broiler breeder flock. A timorous mass was encountered at the site of the left ovary in one hen. Macroscopically, the mass was solid, rough and relatively oval (4 x4.5 x6.5 cm in diameters) and lobulated and pinkish-yellow in color on the cut surface. The bird showed no signs of virilism. Microscopically the neoplastic cells were round on surface to polyhedral in shape with large hyper chromatic nuclei and well-defined nuclear membranes and prominent centrally located nucleoli. The cells had scanty, finely granular, eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm. Fine fibrous septa separated the cells to tubular like structures or cord-like elongated strands, whose appearance was identical to that of seminoma. There were foci of necroses and hemorrhages and neoplastic cells emboli in blood vessels of the ovary and metastasis to the spleen. Hyalinization of the stoma was observed. According to morphologic characteristics, biological behavior and especially histopathology findings, the mass was diagnosed as dysgerminoma. Further studies are recommel).ded to determine its significance and prevalence in poultry industry in Iran.

In this study in order to determining of histamine contents, 100samples of canned fish (80 samples of tuna, 20 Samples of Sardine) frame 8 manufactures were analyzed for histamine contents by chemical method of AOAC (5). Mean Concentration Of histamine ranged from 10 to 178mg/100gr for tuna and from 5 to 47mg/100gr for sardines. all values for canned sardines were well below the current DE tolerance limit of 50mg histamine/100gr, but 41.25% canneq fish samples of tuna contained greater than tolerance limit of histamine contents.

Samples were collected by research vessel Lavar 2. Monthly survey operations were carried out at 23 fixed stations. Surveyed area is located from Dayer to Bahrekan waters. Total length was measured in this sampling. LFDA and FISAT programs were used for data analyses. Growth parameters we ¥ re estimated AS L∞= 58 cm and K=0.8 per year. The estimate of total mortality is Z= 2.7 per year -I giving a fishing mortality coefficient of F= 1.46 per year -I and on exploitation rate of E= 0.55 Natural mortality coefficient was estimated from the Pauly’s formula which resulted in M= 1.24 per year-l comparing the mortality coefficient (Z,F ,M) and exploitation rate, over fishing is evident (over fishing occurs if M<= F or E> 0.5, Biomass estimation of swept area survey in 1994 (108 tons) was applied to calculate MSY. The MSY of Otolithes rubber is assessed between 145.8-154.4 tons. Results of the research indicate the fishery is operating very close to its maximum sustainable yield (MSY) level and that no further increase in fishing effort is advisable.

During past few years, the quality of hand-woven carpets has declined as a result of wide-spread use of slip wool. Consequently the international reputation of Iranian carpet industry has suffered a loss. This experiment was conducted at laboratory level to determine the extent of damage to sheep wool and follicles using dewooling chemicals. Comparisons were made to determine the effect of dewooling chemical common in Iran using 5, 10 and 15 percent (groups 1,2,3) sodium sulfide and dewooling chemical common in Australia including 1,3 and 5 percent sodium hydroxide on wool and follicle characteristics of 350 small sheep skin pieces. Wool was collected from skin pieces after chemicals were applied on flesh side of the skin. To collect wool from skin pieces of control group (group 7), a small laboratory clipping machine was used. Skin samples were collected from skin pieces using a trephine punch and kept in buffered formalin. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to compare the means of groups based on a completely randomized design. Results indicated that the average time needed to collect wool from skin for groups 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 was 114.7±2.1, 103.7±0.42, 93.0±3.5, 99.5±2.1, 80.3±10.0 and 58.0±2.7 minutes. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference between groups. Average fibre diameter of groups 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 was 37.5±5.7, 37.1±3.2, 37.4±4.7, 35.4±2.7, 35.1±3.0, 36.1±2.3 and 36.3±2.7 am. Average staple length of groups 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 was 9.0±0.92, 9.2±1.11, 9.1±0.9, 9.2±0.43, 8.9±0.45, 9.1±0.22 and 8.9±0.56 cm respectively. Average S/P ratio for groups 1,2,3,4, 5,6 and 7 was 4.5±0.42, 4.7±0.25, 4.4±0.80, 4.6±1.05, 4.2±0.43, 4.3±0.32 and 4.2±0.55 respectively.

In the last two decades, endemic infectious bursal disease (IBD) have been reported worldwide. IBD is also present in Iran and heavy economic loss in poultry industry has been reported. In this study a method of RT-PCR for detection of virus in clinical samples was optimized. A 743 bp fragment of VP2 gene which is genetically variable among IBDV strains was amplified. PCR product of positive samples were digested with two restriction enzymes (RE), (Mbol and BstNI) and results were recorded. Three imported vaccine strains were also tested and results showed that RE patterns between field isolates and vaccine strains of IBDV are different. This indicates genetic variation in VP2 region of tested viruses. By using this technique, field isolates can be differentiated from vaccine strains.

In order to study the effect kinds of clinoptilolites on the chal lambs performance and health of liver and kidney, sixteen challambs used in a completely randomized design. The formulated diets include: I) control, 2) control+4% calcic clinoptiolite, 3) control + 4% potacic clinoptilolite and 4 ) control + 2 % calcic and 2% potaci clinoptilolite. All diet contained 1.3% urea on dry matter basis. Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight and carcass percentage increased significantly (p> 0.05) for the diets contained clinoptiolits and this increase was higher for the diet contained calcic clinoptilolite . Liver and kidney weight and liver volume for the diet contained clinoptilolite particularly calcic clinoptiolite - were higher. Also the number of liver cell pe 100mµm2 of liver tissue was higher for lambs those received diet contain clinoptilolite especially in the case of calcic clinoptilolite. This results indicated that liver cells of sheep that consiumed diet 2 were smaller than the other. In general the result showed that 4% clinoptilolite in diet increased lamb performance and health of liver and kidney tissues, and calcic clinoptilolite worked better.

This project was done in pisciculture of Shahid Rajaie centre in Sari. At first 3 pools with equal area were selected randomly. During 6 weeks from 30.3.1999 to 31.5.1999 were sampled with fishes, zooplanktons and zoobenthoses. After collecting and classifying of data, were identified c1adoceransbelonging to 2 families, 6 genera and 9 species. On the other hand two genera of copepods were identifeid and Ostracodans were observed abundantly in ponds. One genus belonging to 1 family of benthoses were identified. The study on the Stomach content of 560 juvenile sturgeons with mean length and weight, 90 mm and 3200 mg respectivly. Were showed that cladoceran and chironomidae were staple diet and copepoda and their nauplie were secondary diet. To analyses data of juvenile sturgeon nutrition, and to survey on the significance differences between pools, soft ware windows 98, works hit / pools were used.

This paper present results of a study on stock of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (Hormuzgan marine waters) in 1378.Fork length-weight and Forklength - Girth length relationships were W=0.053E- 03U71 and G=0.56FL+1.2 respectively. Catch analysis showed that catch value were significantly monthly and by landing places. Major landing place was Lengeh and Peak of fishing obtained in May. The Length infinity and growth coefficient were estimated 94cm and 0.53 ( /yera). Natural mortality, fishing mortality and total mortality were obtained M=0.66, F=1.9 and Z=2.5 6 respectively and exploitation coefficient was 0.74 in this year.

To investigate the effect of various levels of Bioplus 2B as probiotic on performance and gut weight in broilers, 480 male and female chicks were fed diets with different levels of probiotic(0%,0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%). Results showed that different levels of probiotic did not significantly affect on dry mater intake and weight gain in male and female chicks (p<0.05). Various levels of probiotic did not affect feed conversion ratio in male and female chicks (p<0.05). Mortality rate was significantly decreased in treatment groups of female chicks in comporisson to control group (p<0.05). Gut weight did not significantly changed in control or treatment chiks (p<0.05). The ratio of gut weight to body weight were significantly decreased in day 18but did not changed in days 36 and 42 in various levels of probiotic.

Since 1998, Iranian poultry industry has been affected by avian influenza (AI) virus, subtype H9N2. The association of high mortality with these outbreaks in the field raised the specter of a possible new genetic modified AI virus. In this study, three AI viruses (H9N2) isolated from the broiler flocks with different mortality rates were characterized. The 486 bp PCR products containing the cleavage site of hemagglutinin (HA) protein were generated and sequenced to determine molecular characterization of the isolates. Sequence analysis of main region of HAl gene of three isolates showed that the viruses had similar sequences at the cleavage site. However, none of the isolates were identical at the nucleotide as well as amino acid levels. Phylogenefic analysis of 453 bp nucleotide region of the PCR products revealed that Iranian AI viruses had very close relationship to each other indicating these came from the common source. Moreover, the maximum genetic similarity of these viruses was observed with AI viruses from Saudi Arabia, Germany and Pakistan, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that with the exception of some Chinese isolates the current status of Irantan AI viruses resembles to other Eurasian H9N2 viruses and in spite of different nucleotide sequences among the viruses there is no evidence for existence of new Al pathotype.