Year:2008 | Volume:20 | Issue:4 (77 IN ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES)|Papers Count:29

During 2000-2002 a study on nematodes of 665 fish specimens from Khouzestan province were carried out by set net and electro fishing. Fishes were collected from 3 stations in Hoor- Al- Azim, Hoor- shadegan and Karoon river.There were Aspius vorax (44 specimens), Barbus grypus (75 specimens), B. luteus (175 specimens), B. sharpeyi (94 specimens), B. pectoralis (8 specimens), B. esocinus (9 specimens), Liza abu (130 specimens), Cyprinion macrostomum (14 specimens), Cyprinus carpio (44 specimens) and Silurus triostegus (22 specimens). From 665 fishes 21% were infected by different parasitic worms collected parasites: Rhabdochona denudata, Rh. fortunatowi, Rhabdochona sp., Proleptinae gen. Cucullanus sp., Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, Philometra karunensis, Philometra sp., Anisakis sp.,Contracaecum sp. Rhabdochona fortunatowi is the first report in, B. pectoralis, B. luteus, B. grypus, S. triostegus and Cyprinion macrostomum of Khouzestan province area.

In order to study the interaction effects of vitamin A and coccidian vaccine on performance of coccidian-infected broilers, four hundred and eighty male day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four treatments in a 2´2 factorial arrangement. Each treatment contained 120 chicks (3 replicates floor pens/treatment). During the experimental period, treatments 1 and 3 fed diets supplemented with 0.1% premix of vitamin A. Treatments 3 and 4 were vaccinated against coccidiosis at the age of 5 days old by drinking water. Treatment 2 (as control) received neither vitamin A nor coccidian vaccine. The chicks in all of the treatments were challenged orally with 2´105 oocysts of Eimeria species (including E. acervulina., E. maxima, E. tenella and E. necatrix) at 26 days of age. From 7 to 13 days post-inoculation, feces samples in each replicates were taken for determining the number of oocysts per gram of feces (OPG).Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and survivability were determined at 21,42, and 49 days of age. Results indicated that interaction between vitamin A premix and coccidian vaccine decreased OPG, feed intake as well as mortality and partially improved feed conversion ratio. However there were no significant effects on OPG and performance in coccidian-infected broilers.

A parasitologal investigation on the freshwater fishes of Northwest Iran was done between Summer 2003 to Summer 2004. Altogether 266 fish specimens have been collected from seven different stations of Aras, Zangbar and Ghotor rivers. They are as follows: 166 Capoeta capoeta, 15 Alburnus bipunctatus, 9 Lucioperca lucioperca, 12 Carassius carassius, 2 Barbus capito, 18 Rutilus rutilus, 24 Abramis brama, 7 Cyprinus carpio, 11 Aspius aspius, 2 Silurus glanis, and one Lueciscus cephalus. The fishes were transported alive to the laboratory where they weighted and measured and then killed by transitioned the spinal cords and then examined for different parasites. During in study, 7 different monogeneans were detected; Dactylogyrus extensus, D. chramuli, D. lenkorani, D. kendalanicus, Silurodiscoids siluri, Diplozoon megan, and Gyrodoctilus varicorhini. According to the results of this study Diplozoon megan is the first time recorded from the Caspian Sea Fauna Region. It is found in Capoeta capoeta, Alburnus bipunctatus, Rutilus rutilus, Abramis brama, Carassius carassius, Cyprinus carpio. There are also three new hosts for the first time is recorded for four different monogeneans from fresh water fishes of Iran.

A completely randomized design was carried out to study the performance of broiler chicks fed diets different inclusion rates of organic acids (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) for 6 weeks. 192 day– old broiler chicks were allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 3 replicates. MSTAT– C test for statistical analysis, Duncan test to compare the means, were used. Result showed that using of organic acids had not significant effect on feed intake (p<0.05). Supplemented diets with organic acid had a significant effect on the body weight (BW) in starter period (p>0.05) ; Although BW was not affected by treatments at the end of experiment (p<0.05). Organic acids improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly in both period (p<0.05). Feeding supplemented diets with organic acids decreased significantly intestinal pH (p<0.01). According to results of this experiment, using of 0.5% organic acids can be recommended in boiler diets.

In order to study the lactation performance of Shal sheep, 206 lactation records of 112 Shal ewes were collected during 2002-2004. The average and standard deviation of lactation length (day), milk yield (kg) and fat, protein, lactose and total solid materials(%) of this breed of sheep were 143.9±33.9, 121.5±48.8, 5.84±0.8, 5.77±0.5, 4.95±0.4 and 17.39±1.2, respectively. The effects of lambing year, lambing season, litter size and age ewe at lambing were significant for milk yield trait (p<0.05). The milk yield of years 2002 and 2003 were more than of year 2004. The more availability to pasture may be the reason of it. The ewes that lambed in Winter were higher than in Spring and Summer. The ewes with two lambs produced more milk than those with single lamb. The ewes that were one year old had the least performance for milk yield. The daily gain of lambs had significant correlation with daily milk production of mothers (p<0.05). Also, the milk yield in a lactation period had high significant correlation with daily milk production of ewes. Therefore, the regression coefficients were estimated for them.

As a result of its beneficial effects on the use of brine shrimp nauplii and decapsulated cysts in aquaculture hatcheries, the decapsulation of artemia cyst is practiced more and more. Chemical decapsulation of artemia cysts using hypochlorite is a widely applied technique in fish and crustacean hatcheries. Removing the chorion by means of a strong oxidant is believed to have beneficial effect on hatching and provide a complete disinfection of the cyst material. Furthermore it improves the separation of empty and non-hatched cysts from the Artemia nauplii after hatching. Standard decapsulation procedure as described by Sorgeloos et al. (1977) is giving very good results for most of the commercial artemia strains. Some artemia strains sensible to this decapsulation procedure and require a modified technique. With respect to structural (chorion thickness,) and genetical differences of artemia cysts improvement of standard procedure of decapsulation for bisexual and parthenogenetica cysts of Urmia Lake seems to be necessary. In this research with altering the percentage of active hypochlorite in decapsulation solution as well as effective time, the optimum concentration and time for decapsulation of parthenogenetica cysts of Urmia Lake was measured. The treatments were 0.25%, 0.375% and 0.5% active hypochlorite with periods of 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes. Variance analysis of data indicate that those have significantly differences and 0.5% concentration with period of 2 minute and 0.25% with 3 minute have high hatching percentage.

Mortality of honeybee (Apis mellifera), due to feeding on poisonous plants is one of the beekeeper problems. In order to reduction of bee mortality should be protect of honeybee feeding on polluted plants. For this purpose some materials as repellent including sugarbeet molas, acetic acid and oxalic acid were studied in feeding dish choice bioassay and full flowering condition of sainfoin field. The results showed that in feeding dish choice bioassay all of treatments had significant differences in comparison with control at 1% level, so all of materials had repellency activities in minimum dosages. Analysis of data in field study showed that the sugarbeet molas (200 mg/8 liter water) had highest of repellency upon honeybee in sainfoin field even after 10 hours. Therefore based on the obtained results further investigations could be done on repellency components of the sugarbeet molas and also on the application of sugarbeet molas in the poisonous fields or orchards to reduction the honeybee and other pollinators mortality.

In this research the Markazi province Holstein cattle data set was used. The data set included all lactation records of 31 herds with 15539 records, which collected during 1990- 2004 by the Iranian Animal Breeding Center. Variance components were estimated for milk, fat yields and fat percentage, using an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood method based on a Derivative-Free algorithm. The model was contained of herd-year-season of calving and parity as fixed effects, and additive genetic effects, permanent environmental effects due to repeated records and residuals as random effect. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values of traits were obtained and phenotypic, genetic and environmental trends were calculated as the regression of average phenotypic values, predicted breeding values and environmental values on year of cow birth respectively. Heritability of milk yield, fat and fat percent were found to be 0.20, 0.23 and 0.32 respectively. Repeatability of milk yield, fat and fat percent was estimated as 0.46, 0.39 and 0.40 respectively. Phenotypic trends of traits were 22.29 kg/year for milk, 0.23 kg/year for fat and 0.05 percent/year for fat percent, genetic trends for these traits were 3.75 kg/year, 0.06 kg/year and -0.02 percent/year and environmental trend for traits were 19.79 kg/year, 0.23 kg/year and 0.07 percent/year, respectively.

Changes in chemical composition (lipid and protein) of muscular tissue and biological index (length and weight) of both male and female of (Cypirnus carpio) from Gorganrood Basin during gonad maturation was investigated. For the purpose of this, five sampling stages were done during spawning immigration (from JAN-MAY 2006) and in each stage, biological index such as standard length (±1 mm), weight (±10 gr) and lipid and protein composition of muscle (0/0 dry weight) were measured. there wasn’t significant differences (p>0.05) in protein and lipid content in muscle throughout maturation, but decrease process during gonad maturation in chemical content, indicate that probably some portion of muscle food reserves (lipid) is spent on energy needs and on complete maturation of genital product and decreasing in water soluble protein in muscle and increasing of muscle lipid content in spring is probably connected with feeding.

Measles virus is a member of morbilivirus genus and paramyxoviridae family. Polycolonal antimeasles serum have been produced by different methods in different species of animals such as: Monkey,sheep , goat , rabbit and guinea pig. In this study , goat as a host was hyperimmunized by a simple and short time program and polycolonal anti measles serum was prepered.Two type of antigens were used: AIK-C strin , a live attenuated and vaccine strain of measles virus that it is used in Razi Institute, and heamagglutinin of Edmonston strain, that is wild type of measles virus For priming the animal, live attenuated AIK-C strain of measles virus was injeced intramusculary and subcutaneously simultaneously. injections reapeted 1 time with 1 week interval.Results:After priming the animal was hyperimmunized by measles hemagglutinin plus complete Fround’s adjuvant. Potency of prepaerd immun serum was 1:1024 by S.N as well as HI test, which coresponding to 320 I.U.

Possibility utilization of by product spaghetti industries and its processing with urea existed urea in diet, a study with zel male lambs with 46.8 kg means in factorial experimental with four replications replications on complete randomize design. Treatments consisted of by product spaghetti industries in two levels (in form of processing with urea and without processing) and substitution in diet in four levels (0, 7, 14, 21 %DM). The rations were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic. Results showed that factor of by product spaghetti industries had not significant effect on concentration of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile acids in rumen and blood urea nitrogen. Substitution factor of industrial by product of spaghetti in diet with barley replacing had significant difference ammonia nitrogen concentration for one, tree and five hours after feeding, total volatile acids concentration one hour after feeding (p<0.01) and blood urea nitrogen three and five hours after feeding (p<0.01). Interactions within factors are not significant. In conclusion Industrial spaghetti by product processing with urea had not significant on slow releasing urea in rumen, but use of industrial by product of spaghetti can be supply nitrogen and carbohydrate synchronization then in urea diets reduces poisoning and it is alternative for barley.

Ticks are the most important ectoparasites which cause heavy economic losses to livestock and transmit viral, rickettsial, bacterial and protozoal diseases. Distribution, frequency and species of hard ticks were studied in two different ecological zones (mountain zone and plain zone) of Isfahan province from Jan.2004 to March 2006; in two zones sampling was done in three traditional sheep-fold units and three traditional Cow-pens units.Tick sampling was made from each site twice a month during different seasons. At each site collection was made from 10% of available domestic animals. Ticks were collected from all parts of the body , each specimen was given field number and stored in a vial containing 70% ethyl alcohol. Labeling for all specimens included location, host, date and method of collection.During the study a total of 1109 ticks were collected from cattle, sheep and goats in two zones. The ticks were identified (Five species belonging to 3 genera.) as follows: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (45.8%), Rhipicephalus sanguinus (33.1%), Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (20.83%), Rhipicephalus bursa (2%) and Boophilus annulatus (0.07%). In the mountain zone and plain zone R.sanguinus (53.39%) and H.anatolicum anatolicum. (53.9%) were the dominant species of tick respectively.

As the potential of Litopenaeus vannamei to tolerate wide ranges of environmental conditions, it is desirable candidate for shrimp farming. This research conducted in Dec- Jan 2004 in Bushehr province, and various temperatures and salinities has been studied. PL25 of L.vannamei reared in temperatures of 15, 18, 20, 25 and 30oc, and salinities of 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 ppt during 45 days with three replicates for each treatment. The data analyzed by SPSS and Minitab soft wares, and growth rate indices showed significant differences at 30 ْc in relation to other treatments. The maximum weight and length gained at 30 and 40 ppt salinities, these results showed significant differences with other treatments. Different salinities did not showed significant effects on specific growth rate. Mortality rate in all temperature and salinity treatments was negligible, except at temperatures 15 and 18oc. As the final results, L.vannamei showed wide range tolerance of salinities up to 50 ppt, and best growth resulted at temperature 30oc and salinity of 40 ppt. Hence it can be selected as a suitable candidate for farming in Persian Gulf area.

In this study a total number of 48 male lambs were used in two groups of ages (4-5 months and 8-9 months) and two seasons of the year (cold and hot seasons). The experimental design was a complete randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks (3 lambs for each block on the basis of body weight), and lambs were fattened for 90 days. The diets were iso nutritious, and during the trial all the lambs weighted each 15 days interval. According to the results, there were significant differences between weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. The body weight gain for the lambs of 4 to 5 months have been fattened in two seasons of summer and winter (18.7 and 17.95 kg) in comparison to the lambs of 8 to 9 months in summer were showed significant differenses (p<0.05). The feed conversion efficiency for the lambs of 4-5 months old in two seasons of summer and winter (6.35 and 6.44) in comparison to the lambs of 8-9 months in these seasons (8 and 7.48) was significant (p<0.05). Therefore it is concluded that the suitable age for fattening of lambs in Khuzestan is 4-5 months, but the season (hot and cold) showed no significant differences (p>0.05).

This experiment was conducted to increase the growth and survival of rainbow trout larvae by feeding freshwater and brackish water gammarus powder as a supplementary diet in four different levels (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) in 9 treatments and 4 replicate. Larvae, which had been, absorbed 2/3 of their yolk sac collected randomly from rearing tanks and fed for 60 day by 9 different supplemented diets and common trade diet as blank. At the end of experiment groups which fed with 10% fresh and brackish water gammarus powder (second and sixth), significantly (p<0.05) showed higher weight gain (WG) and special growth rate (SGR). By comparing with control group, highest growth in weight gain, length gain (LG) and special growth rate, obtained from sixth treatment which have significant difference (p<0.05) with other treatments. Lowest food consumption rate (FCR) and highest condition factor (CF) observed in sixth treatment, but there was not significantly different (p>0.05) with other treatments. During rearing time except of fifth treatment there was not significance different between other treatments in survival rate (p>0.05). Due to high content of total carotenoid and high unsaturated fatty acids (specially EPA and DHA) it can be suggested that using of 10% brackish water gammarus powder is suitable for increasing of growth rate and production of high quality rainbow trout larva.

Static headspace combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is a powerful technique which can be used for separation and identification of volatile organic compounds in complex and different matrices such as soil, water, blood, urine, milk, cheese and especially yogurt. After sample collection, they were analyzed by HS-GC/MS system and the components (acetaldehyde, acetone, butanone and acetic acid) were detected and quantified. The limit of detection (LOD) was 100 ng/kg with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at m/z =60 for acetic acid. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was measured at 5.5% for acetic acid.

Over the 2001-03, to determine the costs of production and to calculate the rate of return of a single kutum fingerling releasing in the Caspian Sea, a questionnaire was prepared. An expert team completed the questionnaire, while reffering all kutum centers. Cost of labour and salary, with the greatest share was averaged 43% of operation cost (38% of total costs) and the costs of feed and fertiliser was averaged 17% of operation cost (16% of total costs). Among various expenditures, the cost of labour and salary from 52% of operation costs in 2001 declined to 36% in 2003. Other important expenditures were maintenance and harvesting, handling and releasing were averaged 15% and 9% of operating cost respectively. Results shaw, an average cost of production of a single kutum fingerling in Iran, was Rls. 70, changing from Rls. 37 in 2001 to Rls. 123 in 2003; The cost of labour had a great share in total expenditures, it could be justify by unactivity of centers during a few months off season, which could be reduced by adopting extra activities in such hatcheries, including brood stocks farming or production of other species. Over the 2004-2005, with the average of 8.3% rate of fingerling return and the average wieght of 815 grammes and 3.7 fish ages, the number of 19/257/494 kutum fish with the total of 13/000 tonnes, of kutum fish might be harvested. The value of whole sale price of these catches with the price index of the year 2004, is important and might be estimated Rls. 505 billion, Rls.

Enhancing disease resistance in animal production can be achieved by genetic improvement programs. The best-characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in animals is that associated with the MHC. Respond to specific antigens is closely related to MHC genes and their associations might therefore provide precious answers to main questions about the host pathogen interactions. In cattle there is an association between possession of certain BoLA-DRB3 locus (MHC class II) and resistance or susceptibility to infectious diseases. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was investigated by the PCR-RFLP method in 55 Iranian Holstein cattle. In this study, 26 different alleles were recognized. Among those identified are known alleles as well as 2 previously unrecognized alleles. As a second goal, allelic frequencies were determined in a total sample. Frequencies of alleles mediating resistance and susceptibility to leukemia, FMD and mastitis were revealed. High frequency of the alleles related to FMD and EBL in Iranian cattle and low level of mastitis susceptible alleles could be due to special point of view in breeding programs neglecting resistance to diseases that have no obvious economic burden.

To produce and releasing different infusion water in environment is inevitable function by human activities. Recently, studies of infusion water microorganisms and effect of different factor on their populations, oxygen producing, purification and recovering of infusion water are performed a section of environmental researches. By the reason a research was done in waste stabilization ponds in south region of Tehran (Iran). Each of concrete waste stabilization ponds made up of four lagoons with 32047 m3 volume, 180 Lit/per day sewage per capita and 4/36 day permanent time. Samples were collected monthly from 3 regions of influent and effluent from January to December in labeled plastic vials. Some of samples were used for identification, culture and purification without any fixation, but some of them were fixed. Algae are identified using bright field and dark-field microscope. Also relationship between environmental factors and population density of the species in different times was measured based on data analysis factors. Results showed existing 53 taxa in 4 phylum and 38 genera of algae. Taxons were: Cyanophta (17 taxa), Chlorophyta (22 taxa), Chrysophyta (11 taxa) and Euglenophyta (4 taxa) that their population density and diversity are fluctuated based on some environmental factors such as temperature, pH and PO43-, NO3-, NH4+.

Propolis, one of the important products of honey bee, is gathered by bees from gum of various plants. The kinds of resinous plants are the most important factors on the quality of propolis. Plantation of cypress trees is usual in Iran, and also poplar plants have more expanded in all over the world. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to compare the effects of two kinds of plant sources (gymnosperms and angiosperms) on quantity and quality of propolis. For this purpose, two areas with poplar (angiosperms) and cypress (gymnosperms) plantations were selected in Khojir and Telo located at near Tehran, Iran respectively. The fiber plate method was used to collect the propolis in the colonies. Ten honeybee colonies were placed in each area for 2.5 months in Autumn 2003; and 4 months in Spring 2004; The propolis was collected from the colonies at two weeks interval. The collected propolis of colonies was weighted. The antimicrobial activities of propolis samples were tested against Staphylococcus aureus to compare bioactivity of propolis. The highest amount of propolis in Khojir and Telo was 13.8 g and 12.3 g per hive for two weeks, respectively. The quantity of propolis produced in Khojir was significantly higher than that of Telo (p<0.01). It is indicated that the presence of poplars trees near the hives could be effective to increase propolis production. The analysis of propolis collected in April 2004; are as follows: Telo: Balsam 62%, total phenolics 28% (by the Folin- Ciocalteu methods), total flavones and flavonols 7.3% (by the ALCL3 methods), total flavanones and dihydroflavonols 3.7% (by DNP methods). Khojir: Balsam 47%, total phenolics 21%, total flavones and flavonols 8.4%, total flavanones and dihydroflavonols 4.6%. The antibacterial activity of the Khojir propolis samples against Staphylococcus aureus (31.25 mgr/ml, MIC) was stronger than that of the Telo propolis samples (62.5 gr/ml, MIC). The results of our study indicated that the gymnosperms plants (poplar) and Angiosperms plants (cypress) have good quality for propolis production, but poplar plants are better than latter (p<0.01).

Blood hematological and biological changes during the short time road transport stress was investigated in 18 hybrid dairy cows in 2004 in northwest of Iran. Cows were grouped in 4 groups of four cows and one group of two cows. Each group was transported by car up to 40 Km round trip for an hour. The amount of 5 ml blood was taken from Jugular vein from each cow before transport and then repeated blood sampling 1.5 hours interval up to 7.5 hours after transportation. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed before and after transport. Blood cortisol was assessed by ELISA using commercial cortisol kit (GMBH, Germany). Serum glucose, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and magnesium were evaluated by spectrophotometer using commercial kits (Pars Azmon, IR). Serum sodium (Na) and potassium were measured by flame photometer. Total protein and fibrinogen were evaluated by refractometer method. Leucocytes and differential count were also carried out as absolute counts. SPSS statistical program and case summaries, ANOVA, paired t-test and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Blood cortisol, glucose and leucocytes increased up to 340%, 48.6% and 23% within 1.5, 7.5 and 6 hours, respectively, after transport. Haematocrit and hemoglobin decreased up to 17% and 16% 7.5 hours, respectively, after transport. The mean differences for those parameters between before and after transport were significant (p<0.01). The mean differences for other parameters except for IP, Na and eosinophil (p<0.1>0.05) were not significant. The highest changes were observed 7.5 hours after transport in glucose, hematocrit and hemoglobin, 6 hours after transport in Ca, leucocytes and Na, 4.5 hours after transport in blood cortisol, 3 hours after transport in absolute lymphocyte count. Pearson correlation results showed no significant correlations between cortisol before transport and significant blood parameters after transport. It is concluded that the short time road transport stress increased blood cortisol, that responsible to changes in blood parameters mainly on glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin and leucocytes. These parameters are known as health and economic parameters in ruminant’s life and should be considered during the transportation.

According to previous studies, 60% costes of aquatic animal’s culture farmes depends on foods, so high qualified and desirable diets are needed to farmers. Regarding to pelleted food consumption in fish and shrimp feeding, it is important to stabilize the pellet ̉s physical shape and prevent it is decomposition in the water media. The food stability in water improves by using binder so that it increases water stability and decreases mortality rate in production and transportation. In the present study, water stability index by amet (producted in Mehr Afraz Taban Yazd Company) by 2 Nutribind and Aquacube binders at 4 times 30, 60 120 and 240 minutes were compared. The obtained resultes show that the best WSI was related to Aquacube and then Amet and finally Nutribind.Amet WSI at 30, 60 and 120 minutes had no significant different by Aquacube. Regarding to the less price of Amet and it is production in Iran, using this material as is recommended.

Urmiah lake is one of the largest thallassohaline and hypersaline lake located in the northwest of Iran. The brine shrimp, Artemia urmiana is one of worthwhile fisheries species inhabited in that. For exploitation of Artemia was need to quality and quantity assessment. The aim of this project was the study of situation diapause of Artemia cysts, produced from Urmia Lake. The sampling campaigns started from 10 October 2003 till 25 November 2004; with taking cysts 6 shore sites and buoyancy cysts on the lake water surface, in parallel, 7 sites were selected within lake via random design for recorded some of abiotic factors such as salinity, temperature and transparency. The samples washing and separation were performed in the laboratory and then the cyst samples were hatched. All cyst samples were hold in the refrigerator in –20oc in order to break the diapause cysts. The average minimal and maximal water surface and air temperature per month (recorded in hours 12 each day) ranged between 3.24±2.17oc, 3.36±0.57oc (in January 2004) and 29.81 ±1.22oc, 29.6±1.44oc (in August 2004), respectively. The lake water transparency showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the sampling months. The minimal and maximal transparency average calculated per month May 2004 (1.025±0.16 m) and September 2004(4.13±0.63 m). The lake salinity have a significance difference (p<0.05) in during this study, the minimal and maximal salinity average obtained per May 2004 (246.86±11.59ppt) and October 2004 (308±13.19 ppt). The limit up and low daily bright length of the area was observed in December 2003 (~ 7 h) and June 2004 (~ 14 h). The rat of diapause of the cyst samples was showed a significant difference (p<0.05) with each other. The cyst samples were caught of April 2004 till September 2004 have lower amount diapaus (contemporary with increase bright length and water temperature), minimal and maximal values were calculated fore July 2004 (%5.739±7.73) and June 2004 (%17.231±10.10), in lieu of most diapause value in cyst samples was belonged to October 2003- January 2004 (between ~ %40-48) and October– November 2004 (between ~ %44-51).

The liver has a large reserve of function and approximately three-quarters of its parenchyma must be rendered inactive before clinical signs of hepatic dysfunction appear. Local suppurative infections of the liver cause significant losses in feedlot and grain-fed cattle because of the frequency of rumenitis in those cattle leading to hepatic abscess formation. Also we know some minerals that can alter and uphold the specific immunity. At the presence of adequate amount of zinc, the formation of hepatic abscess may reduce. For this reason and to determine the mineral concentration in pus, the present study was designed on 40 slaughtered cattle with liver abscess in Shahrekord district. For measuring the zinc and selenium concentration, potentiometric stripping analyzer (PSA) and atomic absorption spectrometry were used, respectively. Other minerals were measured by the specific kits. Results showed that the concentration of Se, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca, P and Mg in pus were 0.551±0.046 (mg/kg), 6.41±2.32 (mg/kg), 18.18±14.03 (mg/kg), 6.63±4.83 (mg/kg), 221.8±85.82 (mg/kg), 0.85±0.32 (gr/kg) and 40.64±21.72 (mg/kg), respectively. The concentration of mentioned minerals in liver parenchyma’s were determined 10.58±0.84 (mg/kg), 82.91±32.22 (mg/kg), 62.29±22.12 (mg/kg), 39.22±28.17(mg/kg), 0.12±0.04 (gr/kg), 1.81±0.56 (gr/kg) and 0.15±0.07 (gr/kg), respectively. For determining the correlation between mineral concentration in pus and liver parenchyma, Pearson correlation was used at the level of p<0.05. The correlation between pus Fe and Cu and also Ca and Se were significantly positive (P value=0.000228, r=+0.871) and negative (p value=0.0305, r=-0.623), respectively. In liver parenchyma the correlation between Zn and Ca (P value=0.0487, r=0.535) and also Fe and Cu (P value=0.0317, r=+0.596) were significantly positive.

The present study was carried out in 2001 to understand the effects of photoperiod on feeding in juvenile ship sturgeon, an essential species for culture and stock enhancement. The ship sturgeon specimens belonged to the age classes of 41,48,55,62 days. Some 6 aquaria were used for this study (3 in ambient light and 3 in dark condition, each containing 30 specimens). Juvenile ship sturgeon was fed by daphnia at 50% of their biomass. Water temperature varied between 21.5- 22.7oC and the dissolved oxygen between 6.2- 7.8 mg.l-1. The average weight of fish in the beginning of the experiment (41 days old juvenile) was 1.1 ±0.02 and 1.2 ±0.01 at light and dark condition and by the end of the experiment (day 62) juvenile ship sturgeon reached 3.4 ± 0.02 and 4.8±0.03 gr respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between juvenile fish in the beginning of the experiment but at in the day 48, 55 and 62 (termination of the experiment) significant statistical differences were observed at 95% confidence level between fish kept in ambient and dark condition (p<0.05). The study showed uptake was higher at dark condition as compared to light condition. Growth rate of juvenile fish was 4.7% and 5.5% at light and dark condition respectively. According to our study it seems that maintenance and feeding sturgeon fish under complete dark condition following early rearing period in Vniro tanks would shorten the rearing period though further studies are suggested in this regard.